JAVA Comparator 接口排序用法

时间:2022-05-20 22:39:30

java的比较器有两类,分别是Comparable接口和Comparator接口。

在为对象数组进行排序时,比较器的作用非常明显,首先来讲解Comparable接口。

让需要进行排序的对象实现Comparable接口,重写其中的compareTo(T o)方法,在其中定义排序规则,那么就可以直接调用java.util.Arrays.sort()来排序对象数组,实例如下:

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
private String name;
private int age;
private float score;

public Student(String name, int age, float score) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.score = score;
}

public String toString()
{
return name+"\t\t"+age+"\t\t"+score;
}

@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(this.score>o.score)//score是private的,为什么能够直接调用,这是因为在Student类内部
return -1;//由高到底排序
else if(this.score<o.score)
return 1;
else{
if(this.age>o.age)
return 1;//由底到高排序
else if(this.age<o.age)
return -1;
else
return 0;
}
}
}

public class ComparableDemo01 {

/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Student stu[]={new Student("zhangsan",20,90.0f),
new Student("lisi",22,90.0f),
new Student("wangwu",20,99.0f),
new Student("sunliu",22,100.0f)};
java.util.Arrays.sort(stu);
for(Student s:stu)
{
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}
在上面的程序中,实现了Comparable接口,并重写了compareTo方法,将学生先按成绩由大到小排名,成绩相同时候按照年龄由低到高排序。

执行的结果是

sunliu 22 100.0
wangwu 20 99.0
zhangsan 20 90.0
lisi 22 90.0


但是在设计类的时候,可能没有考虑到让类实现Comparable接口,那么就需要用到另外的一个比较器接口Comparator。

从上面的实例我们可以发现,compareTo(T o)只有一个参数,而Comparator接口中必须要实现的compare(T o1,T o2)就有两个参数。

代码实例

package edu.sjtu.ist.comutil;

import java.util.Comparator;

class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private float score;

public Student(String name, int age, float score) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.score = score;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public float getScore() {
return score;
}
public void setScore(float score) {
this.score = score;
}

public String toString()
{
return name+"\t\t"+age+"\t\t"+score;
}

}

class StudentComparator implements Comparator<Student>{

@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(o1.getScore()>o2.getScore())
return -1;
else if(o1.getScore()<o2.getScore())
return 1;
else{
if(o1.getAge()>o2.getAge())
return 1;
else if(o1.getAge()<o2.getAge())
return -1;
else
return 0;
}
}

}


public class ComparableDemo02 {

/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

Student stu[]={new Student("zhangsan",20,90.0f),
new Student("lisi",22,90.0f),
new Student("wangwu",20,99.0f),
new Student("sunliu",22,100.0f)};
java.util.Arrays.sort(stu,new StudentComparator());
for(Student s:stu)
{
System.out.println(s);
}
}

}
上面依然是对student对象数组进行排序,用的都是Array.sort方法,不同的是实现comparator接口时,sort方法需要传进来两个参数,即stu对象数组,以及重写的实现了comparator比较方法类。

程序运行的结果和上面是一样的



Array.sort是对数组进行排序,假如我们不想使用数组,想使用Collection接口下的集合,如想使用List,那么需要稍微做些修改:

package comparatorTest;

/**
* 定义一个学生类
* 包括学号,姓名,数学成绩,语文成绩
* @author zhangnan
*
*/

public class Student{
private String Name;
private int ID;
private int scoreMath;
private int scoreChi;
public Student (String name,int ID,int score1,int score2){
this.Name=name;
this.ID=ID;
this.scoreMath=score1;
this.scoreChi=score2;
}
public String getName(){
return this.Name;
}
public void setName(String pname){
this.Name=pname;
}
public int getID(){
return this.ID;
}
public void setID(int pID){
this.ID=pID;
}
public int getMathScore(){
return scoreMath;
}
public void setMathScore(int score1){
this.scoreMath=score1;
}
public float getChiScore(){
return scoreChi;
}
public void setChiScore(int score2){
this.scoreChi=score2;
}
/**
* 返回学生信息
*/
public String toString(){
return Integer.toString(ID)+"\t\t"+Name+"\t\t"+Integer.toString(scoreMath)+"\t\t"+Integer.toString(scoreChi);
}


}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
package comparatorTest;

import java.util.Comparator;

public class ComparatorSort implements Comparator {

public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (s1.getID() > s2.getID()) {
return 1;
} else if (s1.getID() < s2.getID()) {
return -1;
} else {
if (s1.getMathScore() > s2.getMathScore())
return -1;
else if (s1.getMathScore() < s2.getMathScore())
return 1;
else
return 0;
}

}

}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
package comparatorTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Random;

public class test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Random random=new Random();
ArrayList st=new ArrayList();
Student s1= new Student("zhangnan1",random.nextInt(10),random.nextInt(100),random.nextInt(100));
Student s2= new Student("zhangnan2",random.nextInt(10),random.nextInt(100),random.nextInt(100));
Student s3= new Student("zhangnan3",random.nextInt(10),random.nextInt(100),random.nextInt(100));
Student s4= new Student("zhangnan4",random.nextInt(10),random.nextInt(100),random.nextInt(100));
st.add(s1);
st.add(s2);
st.add(s3);
st.add(s4);
System.out.println("全部的学生:");
Collections.sort(st,new ComparatorSort());
for(Student s:st){

System.out.println(s);
}

}

}

重写的compare方法按照随机生成的学生ID排序,其次按照数学成绩排序,生成的结果是:

全部的学生:

0 zhangnan3 67 78

0 zhangnan2 39 0

2 zhangnan1 57 96

3 zhangnan4 62 53

在这里我们没有使用对象数组,而是使用了Collection 接口下的ArrayList 集合,所以排序用的是 Collections.sort(st,new ComparatorSort())