ORACLE查看当前账号的相关信息

时间:2021-09-06 21:02:18

关于oracle数据库的账号,我们在维护数据库的时候,偶尔可能需要获取一些特殊信息。例如,账号的创建时间、账号的状态、账号的锁定时间.....。正常情况下,我们可以通过dba_users获取大部分相关信息。但是有一些特殊信息,还必须通过不常用底层基表sys.user$来获取。

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sql> desc dba_users;
 name                                      null?    type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 username                                  not null varchar2(30)
 user_id                                   not null number
 password                                           varchar2(30)
 account_status                            not null varchar2(32)
 lock_date                                          date
 expiry_date                                        date
 default_tablespace                        not null varchar2(30)
 temporary_tablespace                      not null varchar2(30)
 created                                   not null date
 profile                                   not null varchar2(30)
 initial_rsrc_consumer_group                        varchar2(30)
 external_name                                      varchar2(4000)

其实我们经常使用的dba_users是同义词,对应sys.dba_users这个视图。如果你想查看sys.dba_users的定义,可以通过下面方式:

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--oracle 10g
 
sql>select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('view', 'dba_users', 'sys') from dual;
 
 
 create or replace force view "sys"."dba_users" (
  "username"
, "user_id"
, "password"
, "account_status"
, "lock_date"
, "expiry_date"
, "default_tablespace"
, "temporary_tablespace"
, "created"
, "profile"
, "initial_rsrc_consumer_group"
, "external_name") as
  select u.name, u.user#, u.password,
       m.status,
       decode(u.astatus, 4, u.ltime,
                         5, u.ltime,
                         6, u.ltime,
                         8, u.ltime,
                         9, u.ltime,
                         10, u.ltime, to_date(null)),
       decode(u.astatus,
              1, u.exptime,
              2, u.exptime,
              5, u.exptime,
              6, u.exptime,
              9, u.exptime,
              10, u.exptime,
              decode(u.ptime, '', to_date(null),
                decode(pr.limit#, 2147483647, to_date(null),
                 decode(pr.limit#, 0,
                   decode(dp.limit#, 2147483647, to_date(null), u.ptime +
                     dp.limit#/86400),
                   u.ptime + pr.limit#/86400)))),
       dts.name, tts.name, u.ctime, p.name,
       nvl(cgm.consumer_group, 'default_consumer_group'),
       u.ext_username
       from sys.user$ u left outer join sys.resource_group_mapping$ cgm
            on (cgm.attribute = 'oracle_user' and cgm.status = 'active' and
                cgm.value = u.name),
            sys.ts$ dts, sys.ts$ tts, sys.profname$ p,
            sys.user_astatus_map m, sys.profile$ pr, sys.profile$ dp
       where u.datats# = dts.ts#
       and u.resource$ = p.profile#
       and u.tempts# = tts.ts#
       and u.astatus = m.status#
       and u.type# = 1
       and u.resource$ = pr.profile#
       and dp.profile# = 0
       and dp.type#=1
       and dp.resource#=1
       and pr.type# = 1
       and pr.resource# = 1

通过上面的视图定义,我们可以知道,大部分数据来自于底层基表sys.user$。关于表sys.user$的结构如下,我们可以从sql.bsq中可以看到sys.user$的定义。

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sql> desc sys.user$
 name                                      null?    type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 user#                                     not null number
 name                                      not null varchar2(30)   
 type#                                     not null number
 password                                           varchar2(30)
 datats#                                   not null number
 tempts#                                   not null number
 ctime                                     not null date
 ptime                                              date
 exptime                                            date
 ltime                                              date
 resource$                                 not null number
 audit$                                             varchar2(38)
 defrole                                   not null number
 defgrp#                                            number
 defgrp_seq#                                        number
 astatus                                   not null number
 lcount                                    not null number
 defschclass                                        varchar2(30)
 ext_username                                       varchar2(4000)
 spare1                                             number
 spare2                                             number
 spare3                                             number
 spare4                                             varchar2(1000)
 spare5                                             varchar2(1000)
 spare6                                             date

其中,我们可以获取一下关键字段信息,具体如下

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name         用户(user)或角色(role)的名字
type#        0表示role,1表示user
ctime        用户的创建时间
ptime        密码最后一次修改时间
exptime      密码过期的时间
ltime        账号最后一次锁定的时间
lcount       用户登录失败次数。

下面我们简单测试验证一下,

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sql> create user test identified by "test#1232134$#3" default tablespace tbs_test_data temporary tablespace  temp;
 
user created.
sql> grant connect to test;
sql> @get_user_info.sql
 
session altered.
 
enter value for user_name: test
old   9: where name=('&user_name')
new   9: where name=('test')
 
name                                type# ctime               ptime               exptime             ltime                   lcount
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------
test                                    1 2021-06-10 14:10:01 2021-06-10 14:10:01                                                  0
 
sql> alter user test identified by "ker124";
 
user altered.
 
sql> @get_user_info.sql
 
session altered.
 
enter value for user_name: test
old   9: where name=('&user_name')
new   9: where name=('test')
 
name                                type# ctime               ptime               exptime             ltime                   lcount
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------
test                                    1 2021-06-10 14:10:01 2021-06-10 14:10:50                                                  0
 
sql> alter user test account lock;
 
user altered.
 
sql> @get_user_info.sql
 
session altered.
 
enter value for user_name: test
old   9: where name=('&user_name')
new   9: where name=('test')
 
name                                type# ctime               ptime               exptime             ltime                   lcount
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------
test                                    1 2021-06-10 14:10:01 2021-06-10 14:10:50                     2021-06-10 14:11:27          0
 
sql>

ORACLE查看当前账号的相关信息

其中get_user_info.sql的脚本如下

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$ more get_user_info.sql
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
select  name
      , type#
      , ctime
      , ptime
      , exptime
      , ltime
      , lcount
from user$
where name=('&user_name');

另外,我们来测试一下账号登录失败次数,在实验前先解锁账号,用错误的账号密码尝试登录数据库,你会发现lcount就变成1了。

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sql> @get_user_info.sql
 
session altered.
 
enter value for user_name: test
old   9: where name=('&user_name')
new   9: where name=('test')
 
name                                type# ctime               ptime               exptime             ltime                   lcount
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------
test                                    1 2021-06-10 14:10:01 2021-06-10 14:10:50                     2021-06-10 14:11:27          1
 
sql>

那么这个lcount字段的值是一直累加到超过阈值锁定呢?还是中间会清零呢?什么情况下会清零呢? 如果你使用正确的密码成功登录数据库后,你会发现lcount的值就清零了。如下截图所示:

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$ sqlplus /nolog
 
sql*plus: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 10 14:30:41 2021
 
copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle.  all rights reserved.
 
sql> connect test
enter password:
connected.

ORACLE查看当前账号的相关信息

也就是说,只要你在锁定之前,一旦成功登录之后,该计数会被清零。在有些版本中,由于bug,也会出现lcount没有正确反映登录失败次数的情况,例如lcount neither reset on correct login nor incremented after incorrect login thru jdbc (doc id 2675398.1)中记录了这样的bug。另外,oracle 12c 后新增了一个功能,它会记录用户的最后一次登录时间:spare6字段记录用户的最后一次登录时间

参考资料:

https://www.eygle.com/archives/2009/07/profile_failed_login_attempts.html

https://dbaora.com/sys-user-table-in-oracle-last-password-change-time-last-locked-last-expired-creation-time-failed-logon/

lcount neither reset on correct login nor incremented after incorrect login thru jdbc (doc id 2675398.1)

https://bijoos.com/oraclenotes/2013/153/

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原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/archive/2021/06/10/14871251.html