Java - TCP网络编程
Server
逻辑思路:
- 创建ServerSocket(port),然后服务器的socket就启动了
- 循环中调用accept(),此方法会堵塞程序,直到发现用户请求,返回用户的socket
- 利用多线程对用户socket进行IO操作
注意:对Scoket/File进行创建、关闭,都需要放try catch中,检测 IOException,所以将网络IO部分整体放入try catch中即可。
1. 字符串操作
输出:PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(sock.getOutputStream(), true);
读取:BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(sock.getInputStream()));
或者:Scanner input=new Scanner(sock.getInputStream());
2. 字节操作(一般用于传输文件,体积大,要求效率高,用BufferedInputStream/BufferedOutputStream)
输出:BufferedOutputStream out=new BufferedOutputStream(sock.getOutputStream());
输出:BufferedInputStream out=new BufferedInputStream(sock.getInputStream());
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*; public class TCP_Server { public static void main(String[] args){ int port=8888; try {
ServerSocket sock=new ServerSocket(port);
System.out.println("服务器启动,Port:"+sock.getLocalPort());
while(true){
Socket client=sock.accept(); //***注意,accept()是个阻塞函数,返回client socket***
System.out.println("监测到TCP连接来自:"+client.getRemoteSocketAddress());
new WorkThread(client).start(); //多线程
}
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("ERROR Found: "+e.getMessage());
}
//end try catch }
} class WorkThread extends Thread{ Socket sock;
public WorkThread(Socket sock){
this.sock=sock;
} public void run(){
try{
//此处用BufferedReader实现
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(sock.getInputStream()));
PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(sock.getOutputStream(),true); String s=null;
while((s=in.readLine())!=null){ //断开会返回null
if(s.equals("end"))
break;
System.out.println("收到:"+s);
out.println("Server:"+s);
} /*注意,readLine()是个阻塞函数,放在while((s=readLine())!=null)中会堵塞程序,等待用户的数据。
*有两种方式中断循环
*1.用户端断开TCP程序,in.readLine()会返回null
*2.用户正常退出,用户端发送个[结束标记]给服务器,服务器根据标记,中断循环
*/
System.out.println("监测到TCP连接来自:"+sock.getRemoteSocketAddress()+"已断开。"); in.close();
out.close();
sock.close();
}
catch(IOException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
} }
Client
逻辑思路:
- 创建Socket(IP, port),其参数为目标服务器的IP和port
- 然后就可以通过Socket进行IO操作了
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*; public class TCP_Client { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in); try{ int port=8888;
String ip="127.0.0.1"; Socket sock=new Socket(ip, port); //从socket中输出
PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(sock.getOutputStream(),true);
//从socket中读取,此处用Scanner实现
Scanner input=new Scanner(sock.getInputStream()); while(true){
System.out.print("请输入消息:");
String s=in.nextLine();
if(s.equals("end")){
out.println(s);
break;
} out.println(s);
System.out.println("发送:"+s);
s=input.nextLine();
System.out.println("收到:"+s);
} in.close();
input.close();
out.close();
sock.close();
}
catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("ERROR Found: "+e.getMessage());
} } }