【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面

时间:2023-03-08 22:37:12

最近公司有个项目,是要求实现类似 QQ 聊天这种功能的。

如下图

【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面

这没啥难的,稍微复杂的也就表情的解析而已。

表情在传输过程中的实现参考了新浪微博,采用半角中括号代表表情的方式。例如:“abc[doge]def”就会显示 abc,然后一个【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面,再 def。

于是动手就干。

创建一个模板控件来进行封装,我就叫它 ChatMessageControl,有一个属性 Text,表示消息内容。内部使用一个 TextBlock 来实现。

于是博主三下五除二就写出了以下代码:

C#

[TemplatePart(Name = TextBlockTemplateName, Type = typeof(TextBlock))]
public class ChatMessageControl : Control
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Text), typeof(string), typeof(ChatMessageControl), new PropertyMetadata(default(string), OnTextChanged)); private const string TextBlockTemplateName = "PART_TextBlock"; private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> Emotions = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["doge"] = "pack://application:,,,/WpfQQChat;component/Images/doge.png",
["喵喵"] = "pack://application:,,,/WpfQQChat;component/Images/喵喵.png"
}; private TextBlock _textBlock; static ChatMessageControl()
{
DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(ChatMessageControl), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(ChatMessageControl)));
} public string Text
{
get => (string)GetValue(TextProperty);
set => SetValue(TextProperty, value);
} public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
_textBlock = (TextBlock)GetTemplateChild(TextBlockTemplateName); UpdateVisual();
} private static void OnTextChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var obj = (ChatMessageControl)d; obj.UpdateVisual();
} private void UpdateVisual()
{
if (_textBlock == null)
{
return;
} _textBlock.Inlines.Clear(); var buffer = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var c in Text)
{
switch (c)
{
case '[':
_textBlock.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
buffer.Clear();
buffer.Append(c);
break; case ']':
var current = buffer.ToString();
if (current.StartsWith("["))
{
var emotionName = current.Substring();
if (Emotions.ContainsKey(emotionName))
{
var image = new Image
{
Width = ,
Height = ,
Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(Emotions[emotionName]))
};
_textBlock.Inlines.Add(new InlineUIContainer(image)); buffer.Clear();
continue;
}
} buffer.Append(c);
_textBlock.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
buffer.Clear();
break; default:
buffer.Append(c);
break;
}
} _textBlock.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
}
}

因为这篇博文只是个演示,这里博主就只放两个表情好了,并且耦合在这个控件里。

XAML

<Style TargetType="local:ChatMessageControl">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="local:ChatMessageControl">
<TextBlock x:Name="PART_TextBlock"
TextWrapping="Wrap" />
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>

没啥好说的,就是包了一层而已。

效果:

【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面

自我感觉良好,于是乎博主就提交代码,发了个版本到测试环境了。

但是,第二天,测试却给博主提了个 bug。消息无法选择、复制。

【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面

在 UWP 里,TextBlock 控件是有 IsTextSelectionEnabled 属性的,然而 WPF 并没有。这下头大了,于是博主去查了一下 *,大佬们回答都是说用一个 IsReadOnly 为 True 的 TextBox 来实现。因为我这里包含了表情,所以用 RichTextBox 来实现吧。不管行不行,先试试再说。

在原来的代码上修改一下,反正表情解析一样的,但这里博主为了方便写 blog,就新开一个控件好了。

C#

[TemplatePart(Name = RichTextBoxTemplateName, Type = typeof(RichTextBox))]
public class ChatMessageControlV2 : Control
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Text), typeof(string), typeof(ChatMessageControlV2), new PropertyMetadata(default(string), OnTextChanged)); private const string RichTextBoxTemplateName = "PART_RichTextBox"; private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> Emotions = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["doge"] = "pack://application:,,,/WpfQQChat;component/Images/doge.png",
["喵喵"] = "pack://application:,,,/WpfQQChat;component/Images/喵喵.png"
}; private RichTextBox _richTextBox; static ChatMessageControlV2()
{
DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(ChatMessageControlV2), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(ChatMessageControlV2)));
} public string Text
{
get => (string)GetValue(TextProperty);
set => SetValue(TextProperty, value);
} public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
_richTextBox = (RichTextBox)GetTemplateChild(RichTextBoxTemplateName); UpdateVisual();
} private static void OnTextChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var obj = (ChatMessageControlV2)d; obj.UpdateVisual();
} private void UpdateVisual()
{
if (_richTextBox == null)
{
return;
} _richTextBox.Document.Blocks.Clear(); var paragraph = new Paragraph(); var buffer = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var c in Text)
{
switch (c)
{
case '[':
paragraph.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
buffer.Clear();
buffer.Append(c);
break; case ']':
var current = buffer.ToString();
if (current.StartsWith("["))
{
var emotionName = current.Substring();
if (Emotions.ContainsKey(emotionName))
{
var image = new Image
{
Width = ,
Height = ,
Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(Emotions[emotionName]))
};
paragraph.Inlines.Add(new InlineUIContainer(image)); buffer.Clear();
continue;
}
} buffer.Append(c);
paragraph.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
buffer.Clear();
break; default:
buffer.Append(c); break;
}
} paragraph.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString()); _richTextBox.Document.Blocks.Add(paragraph);
}
}

XAML

<Style TargetType="local:ChatMessageControlV2">
<Setter Property="Foreground"
Value="Black" />
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="local:ChatMessageControlV2">
<RichTextBox x:Name="PART_RichTextBox"
MinHeight="0"
Background="Transparent"
BorderBrush="Transparent"
BorderThickness="0"
Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}"
IsReadOnly="True">
<RichTextBox.Resources>
<ResourceDictionary>
<Style TargetType="Paragraph">
<Setter Property="Margin"
Value="0" />
<Setter Property="Padding"
Value="0" />
<Setter Property="TextIndent"
Value="0" />
</Style>
</ResourceDictionary>
</RichTextBox.Resources>
<RichTextBox.ContextMenu>
<ContextMenu>
<MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Copy"
Header="复制" />
</ContextMenu>
</RichTextBox.ContextMenu>
</RichTextBox>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>

XAML 稍微复杂一点,因为我们需要让一个文本框高仿成一个文字显示控件。

感觉应该还行,然后跑起来之后

【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面

复制是能复制了,然而我的布局呢?

【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面

因为一时间也没想到解决办法,于是博主只能回滚代码,把 bug 先晾在那里了。

经过了几天上班带薪拉屎之后,有一天博主在厕所间玩着宝石连连消的时候突然灵光一闪。对于 TextBlock 来说,只是不能选择而已,布局是没问题的。对于 RichTextBox 来说,布局不正确是由于 WPF 在测量与布局的过程中给它分配了无限大的宽度。那么,能不能将两者结合起来,TextBlock 做布局,RichTextBox 做功能呢?想到这里,博主关掉了宝石连连消,擦上屁股,开始干活。

C#

[TemplatePart(Name = TextBlockTemplateName, Type = typeof(TextBlock))]
[TemplatePart(Name = RichTextBoxTemplateName, Type = typeof(RichTextBox))]
public class ChatMessageControlV3 : Control
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Text), typeof(string), typeof(ChatMessageControlV3), new PropertyMetadata(default(string), OnTextChanged)); private const string RichTextBoxTemplateName = "PART_RichTextBox";
private const string TextBlockTemplateName = "PART_TextBlock"; private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> Emotions = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["doge"] = "pack://application:,,,/WpfQQChat;component/Images/doge.png",
["喵喵"] = "pack://application:,,,/WpfQQChat;component/Images/喵喵.png"
}; private RichTextBox _richTextBox;
private TextBlock _textBlock; static ChatMessageControlV3()
{
DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(ChatMessageControlV3), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(ChatMessageControlV3)));
} public string Text
{
get => (string)GetValue(TextProperty);
set => SetValue(TextProperty, value);
} public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
_textBlock = (TextBlock)GetTemplateChild(TextBlockTemplateName);
_richTextBox = (RichTextBox)GetTemplateChild(RichTextBoxTemplateName); UpdateVisual();
} private static void OnTextChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var obj = (ChatMessageControlV3)d; obj.UpdateVisual();
} private void UpdateVisual()
{
if (_textBlock == null || _richTextBox == null)
{
return;
} _textBlock.Inlines.Clear();
_richTextBox.Document.Blocks.Clear(); var paragraph = new Paragraph(); var buffer = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var c in Text)
{
switch (c)
{
case '[':
_textBlock.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
paragraph.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
buffer.Clear();
buffer.Append(c);
break; case ']':
var current = buffer.ToString();
if (current.StartsWith("["))
{
var emotionName = current.Substring();
if (Emotions.ContainsKey(emotionName))
{
{
var image = new Image
{
Width = ,
Height =
};// 占位图像不需要加载 Source 了
_textBlock.Inlines.Add(new InlineUIContainer(image));
}
{
var image = new Image
{
Width = ,
Height = ,
Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(Emotions[emotionName]))
};
paragraph.Inlines.Add(new InlineUIContainer(image));
} buffer.Clear();
continue;
}
} buffer.Append(c);
_textBlock.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
paragraph.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
buffer.Clear();
break; default:
buffer.Append(c);
break;
}
} _textBlock.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString());
paragraph.Inlines.Add(buffer.ToString()); _richTextBox.Document.Blocks.Add(paragraph);
}
}

C# 代码相当于把两者结合起来而已。

XAML

<Style TargetType="local:ChatMessageControlV3">
<Setter Property="Foreground"
Value="Black" />
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="local:ChatMessageControlV3">
<Grid>
<TextBlock x:Name="PART_TextBlock"
Padding="6,0,6,0"
IsHitTestVisible="False"
Opacity="0"
TextWrapping="Wrap" />
<RichTextBox x:Name="PART_RichTextBox"
Width="{Binding ElementName=PART_TextBlock, Path=ActualWidth}"
MinHeight="0"
Background="Transparent"
BorderBrush="Transparent"
BorderThickness="0"
Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}"
IsReadOnly="True">
<RichTextBox.Resources>
<ResourceDictionary>
<Style TargetType="Paragraph">
<Setter Property="Margin"
Value="0" />
<Setter Property="Padding"
Value="0" />
<Setter Property="TextIndent"
Value="0" />
</Style>
</ResourceDictionary>
</RichTextBox.Resources>
<RichTextBox.ContextMenu>
<ContextMenu>
<MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Copy"
Header="复制" />
</ContextMenu>
</RichTextBox.ContextMenu>
</RichTextBox>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>

XAML 大体也是将两者结合起来,但是把 TextBlock 设置为隐藏(但占用布局),而 RichTextBox 则绑定 TextBlock 的宽度。

至于为啥 TextBlock 有一个左右边距为 6 的 Padding 嘛。在运行之后,博主发现,RichTextBox 的内容会离左右有一定的距离,但是没找到相关的属性能够设置,如果正在看这篇博文的你,知道相关的属性的话,可以在评论区回复一下,博主我将会万分感激。

最后是我们的效果啦。

【WPF】实现类似QQ聊天消息的界面

最后,因为现在 WPF 是开源(https://github.com/dotnet/wpf)的了,因此已经蛋疼不已的博主果断提了一个 issue(https://github.com/dotnet/wpf/issues/307),希望有遇到同样困难的小伙伴能在上面支持一下,让巨硬早日把 TextBlock 选择这功能加上。