Tomcat 7.0配置SSL的问题及解决办法

时间：2023-06-15 19:12:08
以前一直在用Tomcat 6.0.29版本，今下载了apache-tomcat-7.0.33-windows-x86.zip试试，结果在配置SSL时遇到一些问题。
Tomcat 6版本配置SSL过程有两步：
1、用JDK自带的keytool.exe来生成私有密钥和自签发的证书，如下：
  1. keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat
keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat

按提示输入相关内容后，这条命令将在默认密钥库文件里新增一个别名为tomcat的私有密钥项及其自签发的证书。默认密钥库文件为：

  1. %USERPROFILE%\.keystore
%USERPROFILE%\.keystore

2、修改Tomcat的conf\server.xml文件，即增加下面一段：

  1. <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"            maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"            clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"            keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore"            keystorePass="changeit" />
<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"            maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"            clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"            keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore"            keystorePass="changeit" />

这里的${user.home}就是上面的%USERPROFILE%，只是一个是Java语法，另一个是Windows语法。
设置好就能正常启动Tomcat了。
可是按同样的方法来配置Tomcat 7却启动不起来，报如下错误：

  1. 严重: Failed to initialize end point associated with ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8443"]  java.lang.Exception: Connector attribute SSLCertificateFile must be defined when using SSL with APR          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint.bind(AprEndpoint.java:494)          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.init(AbstractEndpoint.java:610)          at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init(AbstractProtocol.java:429)          at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:981)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initInternal(StandardService.java:559)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initInternal(StandardServer.java:814)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:633)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:658)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)          at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)          at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:281)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:450)  -12-212:01:16 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService initInternal  严重: Failed to initialize connector [Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]]  org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]]          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:106)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initInternal(StandardService.java:559)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initInternal(StandardServer.java:814)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:633)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:658)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)          at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)          at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:281)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:450)  Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Protocol handler initialization failed          at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:983)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          ... 12 more  Caused by: java.lang.Exception: Connector attribute SSLCertificateFile must be defined when using SSL with APR          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint.bind(AprEndpoint.java:494)          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.init(AbstractEndpoint.java:610)          at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init(AbstractProtocol.java:429)          at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:981)          ... 13 more
严重: Failed to initialize end point associated with ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8443"]  java.lang.Exception: Connector attribute SSLCertificateFile must be defined when using SSL with APR          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint.bind(AprEndpoint.java:494)          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.init(AbstractEndpoint.java:610)          at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init(AbstractProtocol.java:429)          at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:981)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initInternal(StandardService.java:559)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initInternal(StandardServer.java:814)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:633)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:658)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)          at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)          at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:281)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:450)  -12-2 12:01:16 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService initInternal  严重: Failed to initialize connector [Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]]  org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]]          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:106)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initInternal(StandardService.java:559)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initInternal(StandardServer.java:814)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:633)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:658)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)          at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)          at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)          at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:281)          at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:450)  Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Protocol handler initialization failed          at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:983)          at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:102)          ... 12 more  Caused by: java.lang.Exception: Connector attribute SSLCertificateFile must be defined when using SSL with APR          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint.bind(AprEndpoint.java:494)          at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.init(AbstractEndpoint.java:610)          at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init(AbstractProtocol.java:429)          at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:981)          ... 13 more

仔细看上面的异常信息发现这是APR报的错误。Tomcat 6也有APR包但我从来都没用过。为此查看了Tomcat的ssl-how，在“Edit the Tomcat Configuration File”一节中说到：
Tomcat提供了两个SSL实现，一个是JSSE实现，另一个是APR实现。
Tomcat将自动选择使用哪个实现，即如果安装了APR则自动选择APR，否则选择JSSE。
如果不希望让Tomcat自动选择，而是我们自己指定一个实现则可通过protocol定义，如下：

  1. <Connector protocol="..." />
<Connector protocol="..." />

我又查看了6.0的相同说明，里面与7.0的说明一模一样。因此问题只可能是：是否安装了APR包。
以前只听说过APR但没弄过。APR是什么文件？后来才发现APR文件名为tcnative-1.dll。进一步检查6.0和7.0的安装目录，结果发现6.0里没这个dll文件，而7.0里有。换句话说，6.0默认使用JSSE实现，而7.0默认使用APR实现。
弄明白缘由就好办了。由于习惯使用6.0的配置方式（即JSEE实现），因此只要把上面conf\server.xml里的protocol修改一下就行了：

  1. <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol" SSLEnabled="true"            maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"            clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"            keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore"            keystorePass="changeit" />
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol" SSLEnabled="true"            maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"            clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"            keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore"            keystorePass="changeit" />

重新启动，一切正常。
应用程序HTTP自动跳转到HTTPS,解决如下，打开项目的web.xml,添加如下配置

  1. <security-constraint>
  2. <web-resource-collection >
  3. <web-resource-name >eqm</web-resource-name>
  4. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  5. </web-resource-collection>
  6. <user-data-constraint>
  7. <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>
  8. </user-data-constraint>
  9. </security-constraint>
<security-constraint>

       <web-resource-collection >

              <web-resource-name >eqm</web-resource-name>

              <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

       </web-resource-collection>

       <user-data-constraint>

              <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>

       </user-data-constraint>

</security-constraint>

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