第三方微信登录功能
- 一、准备工作
- 二、微信登录后端开发
- 2.1 添加配置
- 2.2 创建常量类，创建ConstantPropertiesUtil.java常量类
- 2.3 创建controller
- 2.4 测试
- 三、获取微信扫描人的信息
- 3.1 测试回调是否可用
- 3.2 添加依赖
- 3.3 添加httpclient工具类
- 3.4 创建回调controller方法
- 3.5 前端显示扫描人信息
- 3.6 登录之后的前端显示效果
一、准备工作
https://open.weixin.qq.com 1、注册
2、邮箱激活
3、完善开发者资料
4、开发者资质认证
准备营业执照，1-2个工作日审批、300元
5、创建网站应用
提交审核，7个工作日审批
6、熟悉微信登录流程
参考文档：https://open.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/showdocument?action=dir_list&t=resource/res_list&verify=1&id=open1419316505&token=e547653f995d8f402704d5cb2945177dc8aa4e7e&lang=zh_CN 获取access_token时序图
注意：个人开发者是不能申请的，必须要有营业执照，如果实在用不了的话，考虑使用微信公众平台，我下面是用了别人的appid和密钥。
二、微信登录后端开发
2.1 添加配置
application.properties配置文件：
# 微信开放平台 appid
wx.open.app_id=你的appid
# 微信开放平台 appsecret
wx.open.app_secret=你的appsecret
# 微信开放平台 重定向url
wx.open.redirect_url=http://你的服务器名称/api/ucenter/wx/callback
2.2 创建常量类，创建ConstantPropertiesUtil.java常量类
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 读取微信登录的相关配置
*/
@Component
public class ConstantWxUtils implements InitializingBean {
@Value("${wx.open.app_id}")
private String appId;
@Value("${wx.open.app_secret}")
private String appSecret;
@Value("${wx.open.redirect_url}")
private String redirectUrl;
public static String WX_OPEN_APP_ID;
public static String WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET;
public static String WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
WX_OPEN_APP_ID = appId;
WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET = appSecret;
WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL = redirectUrl;
}
}
2.3 创建controller
WxApiController
import com.atguigu.commonutils.JwtUtils;
import com.atguigu.educenter.entity.UcenterMember;
import com.atguigu.educenter.service.UcenterMemberService;
import com.atguigu.educenter.utils.ConstantWxUtils;
import com.atguigu.educenter.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import com.atguigu.servicebase.exceptionhandler.GuliException;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
@Controller //只是请求地址 不需要返回数据 不用RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")
@CrossOrigin
public class WxApiController {
//1、生成微信扫描的二维码
@GetMapping("login")
public String getWxCode(){
//固定地址，后面拼接参数
// 微信开放平台授权baseUrl %s相当于?占位符
String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect" +
"?appid=%s" +
"&redirect_uri=%s" +
"&response_type=code" +
"&scope=snsapi_login" +
"&state=%s" +
"#wechat_redirect";
//对redirect_url进行URLEncoder编码
String redirect_url=ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;
try {
redirect_url = URLEncoder.encode(redirect_url, "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//设置%s里面的值
String url = String.format(baseUrl,
ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,
redirect_url,
"atguigu"
);
//重定向到请求微信地址里面
return "redirect:"+url;
}
}
授权url参数说明
参数 |
是否必须 |
说明 |
appid |
是 |
应用唯一标识 |
redirect_uri |
是 |
请使用urlEncode对链接进行处理 |
response_type |
是 |
填code |
scope |
是 |
应用授权作用域，拥有多个作用域用逗号（,）分隔，网页应用目前仅填写snsapi_login |
state |
是 |
用于保持请求和回调的状态，授权请求后原样带回给第三方。该参数可用于防止csrf攻击（跨站请求伪造攻击），建议第三方带上该参数，可设置为简单的随机数加session进行校验 |
2.4 测试
访问：http://localhost:8160/api/ucenter/wx/login
手机扫描二维码之后的界面如下
网页上面也会显示
三、获取微信扫描人的信息
3.1 测试回调是否可用
回调的url我们在登录的controller中已经制定了，如下图
扫描之后，执行本地的callback方法，在callback获取两个值，在跳转的时候传递过来。
state:原样传递
code:类似于手机验证码，随机唯一的值(临时票据)
//2、获取扫描人信息，添加数据
@GetMapping("callback")
public String callback(String code,String state){
//得到授权临时票据code
System.out.println("code = " + code);
System.out.println("state = " + state);
}
3.2 添加依赖
这里没指定版本是因为我已经在父项目中指定过了，我开发的是微服务项目，你根据自己情况。
<!--httpclient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--commons-io-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--gson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.3 添加httpclient工具类
httpclient主要是通过java代码的方式也可以实现和浏览器访问一样的效果。我们主要用这个去调用微信官方提供的接口。
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 依赖的jar包有：commons-lang-2.6.jar、httpclient-4.3.2.jar、httpcore-4.3.1.jar、commons-io-2.4.jar
* @author zhaoyb
*
*/
public class HttpClientUtils {
public static final int connTimeout=10000;
public static final int readTimeout=10000;
public static final String charset="UTF-8";
private static HttpClient client = null;
static {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
cm.setMaxTotal(128);
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128);
client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
}
public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
public static String get(String url) throws Exception {
return get(url, charset, null, null);
}
public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception {
return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
/**
* 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码.
*
* @param url
* @param body RequestBody
* @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3
* @param charset 编码
* @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
* @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
* @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码.
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常
* @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout)
throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
String result = "";
try {
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset));
post.setEntity(entity);
}
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(post);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(post);
}
result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
} finally {
post.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 提交form表单
*
* @param url
* @param params
* @param connTimeout
* @param readTimeout
* @return
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException
* @throws SocketTimeoutException
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
try {
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8);
post.setEntity(entity);
}
if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res = null;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(post);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(post);
}
return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8");
} finally {
post.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null
&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
}
/**
* 发送一个 GET 请求
*
* @param url
* @param charset
* @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
* @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
* @return
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时
* @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout)
throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
String result = "";
try {
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
get.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res = null;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(get);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(get);
}
result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
} finally {
get.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 从 response 里获取 charset
*
* @param ressponse
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) {
// Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK
if (ressponse.getEntity() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) {
String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();
if (contentType.contains("charset=")) {
return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 创建 SSL连接
* @return
* @throws GeneralSecurityException
*/
private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException {
try {
SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {
return true;
}
}).build();
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
return true;
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl)
throws IOException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert)
throws SSLException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, String[] cns,
String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {
}
});
return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
throw e;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000);
//String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK");
/*Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("name", "111");
map.put("page", "222");
String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/
System.out.println(str);
} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.4 创建回调controller方法
1、回调的时候大致的想法就是拿着上面扫描登录获取到的code值，请求微信提供的地址https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code获取到两个值access_token和openid 这块参考微信官网文档https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/oplatform/Website_App/WeChat_Login/Wechat_Login.html 2、然后拿着上面获取到的access_token和openid，再去请求微信提供的地址https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=%s&openid=%s，%s是我的占位符，你根据自己情况修改，到这里就可以获取到微信扫描人的信息了，比如微信昵称、微信头像、openid等等。
在WxApiController.java中添加如下方法
@Autowired
private UcenterMemberService memberService;
//2、获取扫描人信息，添加数据
@GetMapping("callback")
public String callback(String code,String state){
try {
//1、获取到code值，临时票据，类似于验证码
//2、拿着code去请求微信固定的地址，得到两个值 access_token和openid
String baseAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token" +
"?appid=%s" +
"&secret=%s" +
"&code=%s" +
"&grant_type=authorization_code";
//拼接三个参数:id 密钥和code值
String accessTokenUrl = String.format(baseAccessTokenUrl,
ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,
ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET,
code
);
//请求这个拼接好的地址，得到两个值 access_token和openid
//使用httpclient发送请求，得到返回结果
String accessTokenInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl);
// System.out.println("accessTokenInfo:"+accessTokenInfo);
//从accessTokenInfo字符串里面获取access_token和openid两个值
//把accessTokenInfo字符串转换成map集合，根据Map里面的key获取对应值
//使用json转换工具 Gson
Gson gson=new Gson();
HashMap mapAccessToken = gson.fromJson(accessTokenInfo, HashMap.class);
String access_token = (String) mapAccessToken.get("access_token");
String openid = (String) mapAccessToken.get("openid");
//把扫码人信息添加到数据库里面
//判断数据库里面是否存在相同的微信信息，根据openid判断
UcenterMember member = memberService.getOpenIdMember(openid);
if(member ==null){ //member是空，表示表里面没有相同的微信数据，进行添加
//3、拿着得到的access_token和openid，再去请求微信提供的固定地址，获取扫码人的信息
//访问微信的资源服务器，获取用户信息
String baseUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" +
"?access_token=%s" +
"&openid=%s";
String userInfoUrl= String.format(
baseUserInfoUrl,
access_token,
openid
);
//发送请求
String userInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl);
// System.out.println("userInfo:"+userInfo);
//获取返回userInfo中的用户信息(扫码人信息)
HashMap userInfoMap = gson.fromJson(userInfo, HashMap.class);
String nickname = (String) userInfoMap.get("nickname"); //昵称
String headimgurl = (String) userInfoMap.get("headimgurl"); //头像
member=new UcenterMember();
member.setOpenid(openid);
member.setNickname(nickname);
member.setAvatar(headimgurl);
memberService.save(member); //添加
}
//使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
//最后 返回首页面,通过路径传递token字符串
return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token="+jwtToken;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new GuliException(20001,"登录失败");
}
}
上面还做了个判断，如果是第一次登录，则将信息添加到数据库中。
3.5 前端显示扫描人信息
这里其实后端开发人员的工作已经基本做完了，但是如果想在前端显示的话，我们最好还是根据微信信息使用jwt,生成token字符串，把token字符串通过路径传递到首页面。
上一步的代码已经包含了这一步。
//使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
//最后 返回首页面,通过路径传递token字符串
return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token="+jwtToken;
3.6 登录之后的前端显示效果
前端代码我就不放出来了，你根据自己需要实现自己想要的效果就行，我登录之后通过回调最后登录到了首页面，并在右上方显示信息(头像、昵称等等)。
