新概念第一册21~30单元学习笔记

Chapter twenty-one：Which book? #名词单数+特殊疑问

Dialogue

Give me a book please,Jane  #祈使句，动词原形开头
Which book?  #口语省略形式，原句是which book do you want?

This one?  #口语省略形式，原句是Do you want this one?  one是省略代词，代替前面的a book，如同that样
No,not that one.The red one

This one?
Yes,please

here you are
thank you

音标/ai/的发音

Vocabulary

Chapter twenty-two：Give me/him/her/us/them a ... #祈使句

Dialogue

Give me a cup,please
Which one?This dirty one?
No,not this dirty one.that clean one

Vocabulary

Practice

Give me a cup, please! Which one? This empty one? No, not this empty one, that full one

Give me a box, please! Which one? This little one? No, not little one, that big one

Give me a knife, please! Which one? This blunt one? No, not blunt one, that sharp one

Chapter twenty-three：Which glasses? #名词复数+特殊疑问

Dialogue

Gie me some glasses please, Jane

Which glasses?

These glasses?

No,not those
The ones on the shelf

These?
Yes,please

Here you are 
Thanks

介词短语on/in/under/behind

介词后面一般跟名词或名词特性的词，它们共同组成介词短语

• on在……上面
• in在……里面
• under在……下面
• behind在……后面

后置定语

定语是起修饰作用，而介词短语一作后置定语：

a dirty glass，dirty是定语修饰glass，放在中心词的前面叫前置定语，同理修饰词或短语放在后面的就是后置定语

宾语

动词后面跟宾语，如果动词后面做双宾，物做直接宾语，人做间接宾语

Chapter twenty-four：Give me/him/her/us/them some ...

Dialogue

Give me pens on the desk, please  #祈使句+名词复数+
Give me ties on the chair, please
Give me spoons on the table, please
Give me plates on the cupboard, please
Give me cigarettes on the television, please
Give me boxes on the floor, please
Give me bottle on the dressing table, please
Give me books on the shelf, please
Give me magazines on the bed, please
Give me newspaper on the stereo, please

Vocabulary

Practice

Give me some plates please. Which one? The ones on thecupboard

Give me some spoons please. Which one?  The ones on the table

Chapter twenty-five：Mrs.Smitch's kitchen #陈述句

Dialogue

Mrs.Smitch's kitchen is small
There is a refrigerator in the kitchen  # 第一次出现refrigerator使用不定冠词a，泛指
The refrigerator is white   # 第二次出现refrigerator使用定冠词the，特指，因此这里的the是特指前面提到的refrigerator
It is on the right
There is an electric cooker in the kitchen
The cooker is blue
It is on the left
There is a table in the middle of the room
There is a bottle on the table
There is a cup on the table,too
The cup is clean

字母/i/的发音

Vocabulary

Chapter twenty-six：Where is it?

Dialogue

Vocabulary

Practice

There is a box on the floor, the box is large

There is a fork on the tin, the fork is dirty

Chapter twenty-seven：Mrs.Smith's liveing room #陈述句

Dialogue

Mrs.Smith's living room is large
There is a television in the room
The television is near the window  #第二次提到television用定冠词the
There are some magezines on the televison  
There is a talbe in the room
There are some newspapers ont the table
There are some armchairs in the room
There are some armchairs in the room
The armchairs are near the table
There is a stereo in the room
The stereo is near the door
There are some books on the stereo
There are some pictures in the room
The pictures are on the wall

some和any的用法

some（表示确定的数量）一般用于肯定句。如果用于疑问句，一般期待对方给出肯定的回答，Would you like some beer?

any（表示不确定的数量）

There+be句型

Vocabulary

Practice

Chapter twenty-eight：Where are they?

Dialogue

Vocabulary

Practice

There are some trousers on the bed. They are near that shirt

There are some bottles in the refrigertor. There are empty

There are some glasses on the television, there are near those bottles

Chapter twenty-nine：Come in, Amy #祈使句

Dialogue

Come in, Amy   #祈使句（直接命令、建议、告诫、邀请）
Shut the door, please   #祈使句，如果祈使句的否定结构就是前面+don't
This bedroom's very untidy
What must I do, Mrz.Jones?  #既有情态动词Must又有实义动词do
Open the windos and air the room
Then put these clothes in the wardrobe
Then make the bed
Dust the dressing table
Then sweep the floor

形容词的前面加上un就会变成否定意思。tidy整齐的，untidy不整齐；happy快乐的，unhappy不快乐的

情态动词

must、can、should、may

1. 它具有实际的意义
2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，you/she/theymustopen the windos
3. 含有情态动词的句子，否定句（情态动词后面+not）和疑问句（情态动词提前）都是在情态动词上发生变化
4. 情态动作不能单独做谓语，只能和后面的原形动词一起构成谓语，所以情态动词是助动词

实义动词

指有实际意义的动词，如eat、drink。

含有系动词be的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+be+主语

含有实义动词的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语

Vocabulary

Practice

Chapter thirty：What must I do? #特殊疑问句

Dialogue

Vocabulary

Pracitce

put on your shirt, take off your watch

dust  the cpuboard and shelves