2.高并发教程-基础篇-之nginx+mysql实现负载均衡和读写分离

时间:2021-09-30 00:33:15

技巧提示:mysql读写分离搭建好之后,配合nginx的负载均衡,可以高效的mysql的集群性能,同时免去麻烦的query分流。比如,sever1收到的请求就专门链接slave1从mysql读取数据,配合nginx的反向代理实现的分流,就可以优雅的把mysql的query请求分压到不同的mysql-slave实例。如果不会搭建ngnix的同学可以看我上一篇文章《高并发教程-基础篇-之nginx负载均衡的搭建

一、架构图
2.高并发教程-基础篇-之nginx+mysql实现负载均衡和读写分离

服务器准备:3台,ubuntu16.04系统+mysql-5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
master:192.168.1.190 master-mysql
slave1:192.168.1.191 slave1-mysql
slave2:192.168.1.192 slave2-mysql
slave3:192.168.1.193 slave3-mysql
[注意:nginx集群搭建这里不做说明]

二、MYSQL安装和主从配置(分别在四台服务器上面进行如下操作)

1.ubuntu 16.04下安装mysql

   sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

2.配置主服务器(master-mysql):

        vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
在[mysqld]分段下面添加
server-id=190
log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
binlog_do_db=demos_db
binlog_ignore_db=mysql 重启mysql:
service mysql restart 查看是否已经开启二进制日志功能
show variables like 'log%';
如果看到 log_bin ON 说明成功
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| log_bin | ON | 查看二进制日志的位置:
show master status;
可以看到
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000007 | 923 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 授权repl用户可以对主服务器二进制日志的读取:
create user repl;
grant replication slave,reload,super on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;

3.从服务器的配置(以191为例,其他服务器把server-id=191改为对应的IP地址即可):

        vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
在[mysqld]分段下面添加
server-id=191
log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
replicate_do_db=demos_db 登录mysql,然后执行:
stop slave;
确保slave都关闭。
然后设置从master复制日志配置:
change master to master_host='192.168.1.190', master_user='repl', master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007', master_log_pos=923;
注意1,master_log_file为在master运行show master status;看到的File字段下的文件名称;master_log_pos为Postition下看到的数值.
接着执行:
start slave;
show slave status\G;
可以看到如下信息
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.190
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 923
Relay_Log_File: slave1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: demos_db
......
注意:在出现的信息中找到 Slave_IO_Running/Slave_SQL_Running ,都为YES则成功了

三、操作测试:

        在master上面:
CREATE DATABASE demos_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE TABLE tb1 (id int(11),name varchar(20)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
insert into tb1 values (1, "我是测试1");
然后在其他salves上面查看是否有相关信息