Leetcode 338. Counting Bits

时间:2021-05-16 22:31:49

Given a non negative integer number num. For every numbers i in the range 0 ≤ i ≤ num calculate the number of 1's in their binary representation and return them as an array.

Example: For num = 5 you should return [0,1,1,2,1,2].

Follow up:

  • It is very easy to come up with a solution with run time O(n*sizeof(integer)). But can you do it in linear time O(n) /possibly in a single pass?
  • Space complexity should be O(n).
  • Can you do it like a boss? Do it without using any builtin function like __builtin_popcount  in c++ or in any other language.

Hint:

  1. You should make use of what you have produced already.Show More Hint
  2. Divide the numbers in ranges like [2-3], [4-7], [8-15] and so on. And try to generate new range from previous.Show More Hint
  3. Or does the odd/even status of the number help you in calculating the number of 1s?

题目大意:

给定一个非负整数num。对于每一个满足0 ≤ i ≤ num的数字i,计算其数字的二进制表示中1的个数,并以数组形式返回。

测试用例如题目描述。

进一步思考:

很容易想到运行时间 O(n*sizeof(integer)) 的解法。但你可以用线性时间O(n)的一趟算法完成吗?

空间复杂度应当为O(n)。

你可以像老板那样吗?不要使用任何内建函数(比如C++的__builtin_popcount)。

提示:

  1. 你应当利用已经生成的结果。
  2. 将数字拆分为诸如 [2-3], [4-7], [8-15] 之类的范围。并且尝试根据已经生成的范围产生新的范围。
  3. 数字的奇偶性可以帮助你计算1的个数吗?

解法一:

给定num,对于每个 0<= i <=num , 计算i的2进制中1的个数。

若对每个数,进行每位的判断,时间复杂度是O(n*logn)。

可以从每个数的最低位开始分析,例如1001001 ,它的二进制1的个数等于100100 总二进制个数 + 1 。即 f = f/2 + (f 的最低位)

 class Solution {
public:
vector<int> countBits(int num) {
vector<int> v(num+, );
for(int i = ; i < num+; i++){
v[i] = v[i >> ] + (i & );
}
return v;
}
};

解法二:按位与。i & (i-1) 清除了i中最右边的1.

v[i] = v[i & (i-1)] + 1;

 class Solution {
public:
vector<int> countBits(int num) {
vector<int> v(num+, );
for(int i = ; i < num+; i++){
v[i] = v[i & (i-)] + ;
}
return v;
}
};

解法三:可以从n的最高位入手,

递推式:v[n] = v[n - highbits(n)] + 1

其中highbits(n)表示只保留n的最高位得到的数字。