python 安装 easy_install 和 pip 流程

时间:2023-01-25 22:21:45

easy_install 打包和发布 python 包

pip 是包管理


详见:

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/1.0#windows

主要来说就是下载第二段py 代码,直接运行会报错这是python的一个bug,所以要改动python根目录下Lib文件夹下的mimetypes.py文件.

(参考链接:

http://www.oschina.net/question/1409342_134600

http://bugs.python.org/review/9291/diff/1663/Lib/mimetypes.py)

可以把mimetypes.py改成如下

"""Guess the MIME type of a file.

This module defines two useful functions:

guess_type(url, strict=1) -- guess the MIME type and encoding of a URL.

guess_extension(type, strict=1) -- guess the extension for a given MIME type.

It also contains the following, for tuning the behavior:

Data:

knownfiles -- list of files to parse
inited -- flag set when init() has been called
suffix_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes
encodings_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to encodings
types_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to types

Functions:

init([files]) -- parse a list of files, default knownfiles (on Windows, the
  default values are taken from the registry)
read_mime_types(file) -- parse one file, return a dictionary or None
"""

import os
import sys
import posixpath
import urllib
from itertools import count

try:
    import _winreg
except ImportError:
    _winreg = None

__all__ = [
    "guess_type","guess_extension","guess_all_extensions",
    "add_type","read_mime_types","init"
]

knownfiles = [
    "/etc/mime.types",
    "/etc/httpd/mime.types",                    # Mac OS X
    "/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",               # Apache
    "/etc/apache/mime.types",                   # Apache 1
    "/etc/apache2/mime.types",                  # Apache 2
    "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",
    "/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types",
    "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",     # Apache 1.2
    "/usr/local/etc/mime.types",                # Apache 1.3
    ]

inited = False
_db = None


class MimeTypes:
    """MIME-types datastore.

    This datastore can handle information from mime.types-style files
    and supports basic determination of MIME type from a filename or
    URL, and can guess a reasonable extension given a MIME type.
    """

    def __init__(self, filenames=(), strict=True):
        if not inited:
            init()
        self.encodings_map = encodings_map.copy()
        self.suffix_map = suffix_map.copy()
        self.types_map = ({}, {}) # dict for (non-strict, strict)
        self.types_map_inv = ({}, {})
        for (ext, type) in types_map.items():
            self.add_type(type, ext, True)
        for (ext, type) in common_types.items():
            self.add_type(type, ext, False)
        for name in filenames:
            self.read(name, strict)

    def add_type(self, type, ext, strict=True):
        """Add a mapping between a type and an extension.

        When the extension is already known, the new
        type will replace the old one. When the type
        is already known the extension will be added
        to the list of known extensions.

        If strict is true, information will be added to
        list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
        types.
        """
        self.types_map[strict][ext] = type
        exts = self.types_map_inv[strict].setdefault(type, [])
        if ext not in exts:
            exts.append(ext)

    def guess_type(self, url, strict=True):
        """Guess the type of a file based on its URL.

        Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if
        the type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string
        of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type
        header; and encoding is None for no encoding or the name of
        the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip).  The
        mappings are table driven.  Encoding suffixes are case
        sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitive, then
        case insensitive.

        The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all
        mapped to '.tar.gz'.  (This is table-driven too, using the
        dictionary suffix_map.)

        Optional `strict' argument when False adds a bunch of commonly found,
        but non-standard types.
        """
        scheme, url = urllib.splittype(url)
        if scheme == 'data':
            # syntax of data URLs:
            # dataurl   := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
            # mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
            # data      := *urlchar
            # parameter := attribute "=" value
            # type/subtype defaults to "text/plain"
            comma = url.find(',')
            if comma < 0:
                # bad data URL
                return None, None
            semi = url.find(';', 0, comma)
            if semi >= 0:
                type = url[:semi]
            else:
                type = url[:comma]
            if '=' in type or '/' not in type:
                type = 'text/plain'
            return type, None           # never compressed, so encoding is None
        base, ext = posixpath.splitext(url)
        while ext in self.suffix_map:
            base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base + self.suffix_map[ext])
        if ext in self.encodings_map:
            encoding = self.encodings_map[ext]
            base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base)
        else:
            encoding = None
        types_map = self.types_map[True]
        if ext in types_map:
            return types_map[ext], encoding
        elif ext.lower() in types_map:
            return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding
        elif strict:
            return None, encoding
        types_map = self.types_map[False]
        if ext in types_map:
            return types_map[ext], encoding
        elif ext.lower() in types_map:
            return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding
        else:
            return None, encoding

    def guess_all_extensions(self, type, strict=True):
        """Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.

        Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
        extensions, including the leading dot ('.').  The extension is not
        guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream,
        but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by guess_type().

        Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
        but non-standard types.
        """
        type = type.lower()
        extensions = self.types_map_inv[True].get(type, [])
        if not strict:
            for ext in self.types_map_inv[False].get(type, []):
                if ext not in extensions:
                    extensions.append(ext)
        return extensions

    def guess_extension(self, type, strict=True):
        """Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.

        Return value is a string giving a filename extension,
        including the leading dot ('.').  The extension is not
        guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
        stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by
        guess_type().  If no extension can be guessed for `type', None
        is returned.

        Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
        but non-standard types.
        """
        extensions = self.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)
        if not extensions:
            return None
        return extensions[0]

    def read(self, filename, strict=True):
        """
        Read a single mime.types-format file, specified by pathname.

        If strict is true, information will be added to
        list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
        types.
        """
        with open(filename) as fp:
            self.readfp(fp, strict)

    def readfp(self, fp, strict=True):
        """
        Read a single mime.types-format file.

        If strict is true, information will be added to
        list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
        types.
        """
        while 1:
            line = fp.readline()
            if not line:
                break
            words = line.split()
            for i in range(len(words)):
                if words[i][0] == '#':
                    del words[i:]
                    break
            if not words:
                continue
            type, suffixes = words[0], words[1:]
            for suff in suffixes:
                self.add_type(type, '.' + suff, strict)

    def read_windows_registry(self, strict=True):
        """
        Load the MIME types database from Windows registry.

        If strict is true, information will be added to
        list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
        types.
        """

        # Windows only
        if not _winreg:
            return

        def enum_types(mimedb):
            for i in count():
                try:
                    yield _winreg.EnumKey(mimedb, i)
                except EnvironmentError:
                    break
                

        default_encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding()
        with _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, '') as hkcr:
            for subkeyname in enum_types(hkcr):
                try:
                    with _winreg.OpenKey(hkcr, subkeyname) as subkey:
                        # Only check file extensions
                        if not subkeyname.startswith("."):
                            continue
                        # raises EnvironmentError if no 'Content Type' value
                        mimetype, datatype = _winreg.QueryValueEx(
                            subkey, 'Content Type')
                        if datatype != _winreg.REG_SZ:
                            continue
                        try:
                            mimetype = mimetype.encode(default_encoding)
                            subkeyname = subkeyname.encode(default_encoding)
                        except UnicodeEncodeError:
                            continue
                        self.add_type(mimetype, subkeyname, strict)
                except EnvironmentError:
                    continue

def guess_type(url, strict=True):
    """Guess the type of a file based on its URL.

    Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the
    type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string of the
    form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type header; and
    encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used
    to encode (e.g. compress or gzip).  The mappings are table
    driven.  Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are
    first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive.

    The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all mapped
    to ".tar.gz".  (This is table-driven too, using the dictionary
    suffix_map).

    Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but
    non-standard types.
    """
    if _db is None:
        init()
    return _db.guess_type(url, strict)


def guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True):
    """Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.

    Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
    extensions, including the leading dot ('.').  The extension is not
    guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
    stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by
    guess_type().  If no extension can be guessed for `type', None
    is returned.

    Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
    but non-standard types.
    """
    if _db is None:
        init()
    return _db.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)

def guess_extension(type, strict=True):
    """Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.

    Return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the
    leading dot ('.').  The extension is not guaranteed to have been
    associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the
    MIME type `type' by guess_type().  If no extension can be guessed for
    `type', None is returned.

    Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
    but non-standard types.
    """
    if _db is None:
        init()
    return _db.guess_extension(type, strict)

def add_type(type, ext, strict=True):
    """Add a mapping between a type and an extension.

    When the extension is already known, the new
    type will replace the old one. When the type
    is already known the extension will be added
    to the list of known extensions.

    If strict is true, information will be added to
    list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
    types.
    """
    if _db is None:
        init()
    return _db.add_type(type, ext, strict)


def init(files=None):
    global suffix_map, types_map, encodings_map, common_types
    global inited, _db
    inited = True    # so that MimeTypes.__init__() doesn't call us again
    db = MimeTypes()
    if files is None:
        if _winreg:
            db.read_windows_registry()
        files = knownfiles
    for file in files:
        if os.path.isfile(file):
            db.read(file)
    encodings_map = db.encodings_map
    suffix_map = db.suffix_map
    types_map = db.types_map[True]
    common_types = db.types_map[False]
    # Make the DB a global variable now that it is fully initialized
    _db = db


def read_mime_types(file):
    try:
        f = open(file)
    except IOError:
        return None
    db = MimeTypes()
    db.readfp(f, True)
    return db.types_map[True]


def _default_mime_types():
    global suffix_map
    global encodings_map
    global types_map
    global common_types

    suffix_map = {
        '.tgz': '.tar.gz',
        '.taz': '.tar.gz',
        '.tz': '.tar.gz',
        '.tbz2': '.tar.bz2',
        '.txz': '.tar.xz',
        }

    encodings_map = {
        '.gz': 'gzip',
        '.Z': 'compress',
        '.bz2': 'bzip2',
        '.xz': 'xz',
        }

    # Before adding new types, make sure they are either registered with IANA,
    # at http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types
    # or extensions, i.e. using the x- prefix

    # If you add to these, please keep them sorted!
    types_map = {
        '.a'      : 'application/octet-stream',
        '.ai'     : 'application/postscript',
        '.aif'    : 'audio/x-aiff',
        '.aifc'   : 'audio/x-aiff',
        '.aiff'   : 'audio/x-aiff',
        '.au'     : 'audio/basic',
        '.avi'    : 'video/x-msvideo',
        '.bat'    : 'text/plain',
        '.bcpio'  : 'application/x-bcpio',
        '.bin'    : 'application/octet-stream',
        '.bmp'    : 'image/x-ms-bmp',
        '.c'      : 'text/plain',
        # Duplicates :(
        '.cdf'    : 'application/x-cdf',
        '.cdf'    : 'application/x-netcdf',
        '.cpio'   : 'application/x-cpio',
        '.csh'    : 'application/x-csh',
        '.css'    : 'text/css',
        '.dll'    : 'application/octet-stream',
        '.doc'    : 'application/msword',
        '.dot'    : 'application/msword',
        '.dvi'    : 'application/x-dvi',
        '.eml'    : 'message/rfc822',
        '.eps'    : 'application/postscript',
        '.etx'    : 'text/x-setext',
        '.exe'    : 'application/octet-stream',
        '.gif'    : 'image/gif',
        '.gtar'   : 'application/x-gtar',
        '.h'      : 'text/plain',
        '.hdf'    : 'application/x-hdf',
        '.htm'    : 'text/html',
        '.html'   : 'text/html',
        '.ico'    : 'image/vnd.microsoft.icon',
        '.ief'    : 'image/ief',
        '.jpe'    : 'image/jpeg',
        '.jpeg'   : 'image/jpeg',
        '.jpg'    : 'image/jpeg',
        '.js'     : 'application/javascript',
        '.ksh'    : 'text/plain',
        '.latex'  : 'application/x-latex',
        '.m1v'    : 'video/mpeg',
        '.man'    : 'application/x-troff-man',
        '.me'     : 'application/x-troff-me',
        '.mht'    : 'message/rfc822',
        '.mhtml'  : 'message/rfc822',
        '.mif'    : 'application/x-mif',
        '.mov'    : 'video/quicktime',
        '.movie'  : 'video/x-sgi-movie',
        '.mp2'    : 'audio/mpeg',
        '.mp3'    : 'audio/mpeg',
        '.mp4'    : 'video/mp4',
        '.mpa'    : 'video/mpeg',
        '.mpe'    : 'video/mpeg',
        '.mpeg'   : 'video/mpeg',
        '.mpg'    : 'video/mpeg',
        '.ms'     : 'application/x-troff-ms',
        '.nc'     : 'application/x-netcdf',
        '.nws'    : 'message/rfc822',
        '.o'      : 'application/octet-stream',
        '.obj'    : 'application/octet-stream',
        '.oda'    : 'application/oda',
        '.p12'    : 'application/x-pkcs12',
        '.p7c'    : 'application/pkcs7-mime',
        '.pbm'    : 'image/x-portable-bitmap',
        '.pdf'    : 'application/pdf',
        '.pfx'    : 'application/x-pkcs12',
        '.pgm'    : 'image/x-portable-graymap',
        '.pl'     : 'text/plain',
        '.png'    : 'image/png',
        '.pnm'    : 'image/x-portable-anymap',
        '.pot'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
        '.ppa'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
        '.ppm'    : 'image/x-portable-pixmap',
        '.pps'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
        '.ppt'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
        '.ps'     : 'application/postscript',
        '.pwz'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
        '.py'     : 'text/x-python',
        '.pyc'    : 'application/x-python-code',
        '.pyo'    : 'application/x-python-code',
        '.qt'     : 'video/quicktime',
        '.ra'     : 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
        '.ram'    : 'application/x-pn-realaudio',
        '.ras'    : 'image/x-cmu-raster',
        '.rdf'    : 'application/xml',
        '.rgb'    : 'image/x-rgb',
        '.roff'   : 'application/x-troff',
        '.rtx'    : 'text/richtext',
        '.sgm'    : 'text/x-sgml',
        '.sgml'   : 'text/x-sgml',
        '.sh'     : 'application/x-sh',
        '.shar'   : 'application/x-shar',
        '.snd'    : 'audio/basic',
        '.so'     : 'application/octet-stream',
        '.src'    : 'application/x-wais-source',
        '.sv4cpio': 'application/x-sv4cpio',
        '.sv4crc' : 'application/x-sv4crc',
        '.swf'    : 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
        '.t'      : 'application/x-troff',
        '.tar'    : 'application/x-tar',
        '.tcl'    : 'application/x-tcl',
        '.tex'    : 'application/x-tex',
        '.texi'   : 'application/x-texinfo',
        '.texinfo': 'application/x-texinfo',
        '.tif'    : 'image/tiff',
        '.tiff'   : 'image/tiff',
        '.tr'     : 'application/x-troff',
        '.tsv'    : 'text/tab-separated-values',
        '.txt'    : 'text/plain',
        '.ustar'  : 'application/x-ustar',
        '.vcf'    : 'text/x-vcard',
        '.wav'    : 'audio/x-wav',
        '.wiz'    : 'application/msword',
        '.wsdl'   : 'application/xml',
        '.xbm'    : 'image/x-xbitmap',
        '.xlb'    : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
        # Duplicates :(
        '.xls'    : 'application/excel',
        '.xls'    : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
        '.xml'    : 'text/xml',
        '.xpdl'   : 'application/xml',
        '.xpm'    : 'image/x-xpixmap',
        '.xsl'    : 'application/xml',
        '.xwd'    : 'image/x-xwindowdump',
        '.zip'    : 'application/zip',
        }

    # These are non-standard types, commonly found in the wild.  They will
    # only match if strict=0 flag is given to the API methods.

    # Please sort these too
    common_types = {
        '.jpg' : 'image/jpg',
        '.mid' : 'audio/midi',
        '.midi': 'audio/midi',
        '.pct' : 'image/pict',
        '.pic' : 'image/pict',
        '.pict': 'image/pict',
        '.rtf' : 'application/rtf',
        '.xul' : 'text/xul'
        }


_default_mime_types()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import getopt

    USAGE = """\
Usage: mimetypes.py [options] type

Options:
    --help / -h       -- print this message and exit
    --lenient / -l    -- additionally search of some common, but non-standard
                         types.
    --extension / -e  -- guess extension instead of type

More than one type argument may be given.
"""

    def usage(code, msg=''):
        print USAGE
        if msg: print msg
        sys.exit(code)

    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hle',
                                   ['help', 'lenient', 'extension'])
    except getopt.error, msg:
        usage(1, msg)

    strict = 1
    extension = 0
    for opt, arg in opts:
        if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
            usage(0)
        elif opt in ('-l', '--lenient'):
            strict = 0
        elif opt in ('-e', '--extension'):
            extension = 1
    for gtype in args:
        if extension:
            guess = guess_extension(gtype, strict)
            if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype
            else: print guess
        else:
            guess, encoding = guess_type(gtype, strict)
            if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype
            else: print 'type:', guess, 'encoding:', encoding








运行下面这段代码成功后把 python 根目录下的Scripts文件夹添加到 Path

然后在命令行运行 easy_install pip 用easy_install 来 装 pip




#!python
"""Bootstrap setuptools installation

If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py::

    from ez_setup import use_setuptools
    use_setuptools()

If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``.

This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools.
"""
import os
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
import tarfile
import optparse
import subprocess
import platform

from distutils import log

try:
    from site import USER_SITE
except ImportError:
    USER_SITE = None

DEFAULT_VERSION = "1.0"
DEFAULT_URL = "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/"

def _python_cmd(*args):
    args = (sys.executable,) + args
    return subprocess.call(args) == 0

def _check_call_py24(cmd, *args, **kwargs):
    res = subprocess.call(cmd, *args, **kwargs)
    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
        pass
    if not res == 0:
        msg = "Command '%s' return non-zero exit status %d" % (cmd, res)
        raise CalledProcessError(msg)
vars(subprocess).setdefault('check_call', _check_call_py24)

def _install(tarball, install_args=()):
    # extracting the tarball
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
        _extractall(tar)
        tar.close()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)

        # installing
        log.warn('Installing Setuptools')
        if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
            log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
            log.warn('See the error message above.')
            # exitcode will be 2
            return 2
    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)


def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir):
    # extracting the tarball
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
        _extractall(tar)
        tar.close()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)

        # building an egg
        log.warn('Building a Setuptools egg in %s', to_dir)
        _python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir)

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
    # returning the result
    log.warn(egg)
    if not os.path.exists(egg):
        raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')


def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
    egg = os.path.join(to_dir, 'setuptools-%s-py%d.%d.egg'
                       % (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]))
    if not os.path.exists(egg):
        tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
                                      to_dir, download_delay)
        _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir)
    sys.path.insert(0, egg)

    # Remove previously-imported pkg_resources if present (see
    # https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/pull-request/7/ for details).
    if 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules:
        del sys.modules['pkg_resources']

    import setuptools
    setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg


def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
                   to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15):
    # making sure we use the absolute path
    to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
    was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or \
        'setuptools' in sys.modules
    try:
        import pkg_resources
    except ImportError:
        return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
    try:
        pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=" + version)
        return
    except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
        if was_imported:
            sys.stderr.write(
            "The required version of setuptools (>=%s) is not available,\n"
            "and can't be installed while this script is running. Please\n"
            "install a more recent version first, using\n"
            "'easy_install -U setuptools'."
            "\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0]))
            sys.exit(2)
        else:
            del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources']    # reload ok
            return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
                                download_delay)
    except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
        return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
                            download_delay)

def download_file_powershell(url, target):
    """
    Download the file at url to target using Powershell (which will validate
    trust). Raise an exception if the command cannot complete.
    """
    target = os.path.abspath(target)
    cmd = [
        'powershell',
        '-Command',
        "(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile(%(url)r, %(target)r)" % vars(),
    ]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)

download_file_powershell.viable = (
    lambda: platform.system() == 'Windows' and platform.win32_ver()[1] >= '6'
)

def download_file_curl(url, target):
    cmd = ['curl', url, '--silent', '--output', target]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)

def has_curl():
    cmd = ['curl', '--version']
    devnull = open(os.path.devnull, 'wb')
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
    except:
        return False
    finally:
        devnull.close()
    return True

download_file_curl.viable = has_curl

def download_file_wget(url, target):
    cmd = ['wget', url, '--quiet', '--output-document', target]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)

def has_wget():
    cmd = ['wget', '--version']
    devnull = open(os.path.devnull, 'wb')
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
    except:
        return False
    finally:
        devnull.close()
    return True

download_file_wget.viable = has_wget

def download_file_insecure(url, target):
    """
    Use Python to download the file, even though it cannot authenticate the
    connection.
    """
    try:
        from urllib.request import urlopen
    except ImportError:
        from urllib2 import urlopen
    src = dst = None
    try:
        src = urlopen(url)
        # Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file
        # if the download is interrupted.
        data = src.read()
        dst = open(target, "wb")
        dst.write(data)
    finally:
        if src:
            src.close()
        if dst:
            dst.close()

download_file_insecure.viable = lambda: True

def get_best_downloader():
    downloaders = [
        download_file_powershell,
        download_file_curl,
        download_file_wget,
        download_file_insecure,
    ]

    for dl in downloaders:
        if dl.viable():
            return dl

def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
                        to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15):
    """Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename

    `version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
    as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
    with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
    `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
    attempt.
    """
    # making sure we use the absolute path
    to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
    tgz_name = "setuptools-%s.tar.gz" % version
    url = download_base + tgz_name
    saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name)
    if not os.path.exists(saveto):  # Avoid repeated downloads
        log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
        downloader = get_best_downloader()
        downloader(url, saveto)
    return os.path.realpath(saveto)


def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None):
    """Extract all members from the archive to the current working
       directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on
       directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory
       to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
       list returned by getmembers().
    """
    import copy
    import operator
    from tarfile import ExtractError
    directories = []

    if members is None:
        members = self

    for tarinfo in members:
        if tarinfo.isdir():
            # Extract directories with a safe mode.
            directories.append(tarinfo)
            tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
            tarinfo.mode = 448  # decimal for oct 0700
        self.extract(tarinfo, path)

    # Reverse sort directories.
    if sys.version_info < (2, 4):
        def sorter(dir1, dir2):
            return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name)
        directories.sort(sorter)
        directories.reverse()
    else:
        directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('name'), reverse=True)

    # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.
    for tarinfo in directories:
        dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)
        try:
            self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath)
            self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)
            self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)
        except ExtractError:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            if self.errorlevel > 1:
                raise
            else:
                self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)


def _build_install_args(options):
    """
    Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the setuptools package
    """
    install_args = []
    if options.user_install:
        if sys.version_info < (2, 6):
            log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later")
            raise SystemExit(1)
        install_args.append('--user')
    return install_args

def _parse_args():
    """
    Parse the command line for options
    """
    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
    parser.add_option(
        '--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,
        help='install in user site package (requires Python 2.6 or later)')
    parser.add_option(
        '--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",
        default=DEFAULT_URL,
        help='alternative URL from where to download the setuptools package')
    options, args = parser.parse_args()
    # positional arguments are ignored
    return options

def main(version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
    """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
    options = _parse_args()
    tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
    return _install(tarball, _build_install_args(options))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(main())