SQL比较来自两个表的数据

I have 2 tables TableA and TableB which have the same format of column for example both tables TableA and TableB have columns

我有两个表表表a和表b它们有相同的列格式例如表a和表b都有列

A B C D E F 

where A and B are the primary keys.

其中A和B是主键。

How to write SQL to check that if TableA and TableB that have the same primary keys contains exactly the same value in every columns.

如何编写SQL以检查具有相同主键的表a和表b在每个列中是否包含完全相同的值。

It means that these two tables has exactly the same data.

这意味着这两个表的数据完全相同。

12 个解决方案

#1

You should be able to "MINUS" or "EXCEPT" depending on the flavor of SQL used by your DBMS.

您应该能够“减”或“除”，这取决于您的DBMS使用的SQL的风格。

select * from tableA
minus
select * from tableB

If the query returns no rows then the data is exactly the same.

如果查询不返回任何行，则数据完全相同。

#2

Using relational operators:

使用关系运算符:

SELECT * FROM TableA
UNION 
SELECT * FROM TableB
EXCEPT 
SELECT * FROM TableA
INTERSECT
SELECT * FROM TableB;

Change EXCEPT to MINUS for Oracle.

除了Oracle变为-。

Slightly picky point: the above relies on operator precedence, which according to the SQL Standard is implementation dependent, so YMMV. It works for SQL Server, for which the precedence is:

稍微挑剔一点:上面依赖于操作符优先级，根据SQL标准，它依赖于实现，所以YMMV。它适用于SQL Server，优先级为:

1. Expressions in parentheses
2. 表达式中括号
3. INTERSECT
4. 相交
5. EXCEPT and UNION evaluated from left to right.
6. 除了和UNION从左到右进行评估。

#3

dietbuddha has a nice answer. In cases where you don't have a MINUS or EXCEPT, one option is to do a union all between the tables, group by with all the columns and make sure there is two of everything:

dietbuddha有一个很好的答案。如果没有减号或除号，一种选择是在所有的表之间做一个联合，用所有的列进行分组，确保所有的列都有两个:

SELECT col1, col2, col3
FROM
(SELECT * FROM tableA
UNION ALL  
SELECT * FROM tableB) data
GROUP BY col1, col2, col3
HAVING count(*)!=2

#4

SELECT c.ID
FROM clients c
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT c2.ID 
FROM clients2 c2
WHERE c2.ID = c.ID);

Will return all ID's that are the SAME in both tables. To get the differences change EXISTS to NOT EXISTS.

将返回两个表中相同的所有ID。要得到差异，变化是不存在的。

#5

Taking the script from onedaywhen, I modified it to also show which table each entry comes from.

从onedaywhen中提取脚本，我修改了它以显示每个条目来自哪个表。

DECLARE @table1 NVARCHAR(80)= 'table 1 name'
DECLARE @table2 NVARCHAR(80)= 'table 2 name'
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR (1000)

SET @sql = 
'
SELECT ''' + @table1 + ''' AS table_name,* FROM
(
SELECT * FROM ' + @table1 + '
EXCEPT
SELECT * FROM ' + @table2 + '
) x

UNION 

SELECT ''' + @table2 + ''' AS table_name,* FROM 
(
SELECT * FROM ' + @table2 + '
EXCEPT
SELECT * FROM ' + @table1 + '
) y
'

EXEC sp_executesql @stmt = @sql

#6

just to complet, a proc stored using except method to compare 2 tables and give result in same table with 3 errors status, ADD, DEL, GAP table must have same PK, you declare the 2 tables and fields to compare of 1 or both table

为了实现complet，使用except方法存储的proc对两个表进行比较，得到同一个表的3个错误状态，ADD, DEL, GAP表必须具有相同的PK，声明两个表和字段以比较一个表或两个表

Just use like this ps_TableGap 'tbl1','Tbl2','fld1,fld2,fld3','fld4'fld5'fld6' (optional)

就像这样使用ps_TableGap 'tbl1'，'Tbl2'，'fld1,fld2,fld3'，'fld4'fld5'fld6'(可选)

/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[ps_TableGap]    Script Date: 10/03/2013 16:03:44 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

-- =============================================
-- Author:       Arnaud ALLAVENA
-- Create date: 03.10.2013
-- Description: Compare tables
-- =============================================
create PROCEDURE [dbo].[ps_TableGap]
    -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
    @Tbl1 as varchar(100),@Tbl2 as varchar(100),@Fld1 as varchar(1000), @Fld2 as varchar(1000)= ''
AS
BEGIN
    -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
    -- interfering with SELECT statements.

    SET NOCOUNT ON;
--Variables
--@Tbl1 = table 1
--@Tbl2 = table 2
--@Fld1 = Fields to compare from table 1
--@Fld2 Fields to compare from table 2
Declare @SQL varchar(8000)= '' --SQL statements
Declare @nLoop int = 1 --loop counter
Declare @Pk varchar(1000)= '' --primary key(s) 
Declare @Pk1 varchar(1000)= '' --first field of primary key
declare @strTmp varchar(50) = '' --returns value in Pk determination
declare @FldTmp varchar (1000) = '' --temporarily fields for alias calculation

--If @Fld2 empty we take @Fld1
--fields rules: fields to be compare must be in same order and type - always returns Gap
If @Fld2 = '' Set @Fld2 = @Fld1

--Change @Fld2 with Alias prefix xxx become _xxx 
while charindex(',',@Fld2)>0
begin
    Set @FldTmp = @FldTmp + (select substring(@Fld2,1,charindex(',',@Fld2)-1) + ' as _' + substring(@Fld2,1,charindex(',',@Fld2)-1) + ',')
    Set @Fld2 = (select ltrim(right(@Fld2,len(@Fld2)-charindex(',',@Fld2))))
end
Set @FldTmp = @FldTmp + @Fld2 + ' as _' + @Fld2
Set @Fld2 = @FldTmp

--Determinate primary key jointure
--rule: same pk in both tables
Set @nLoop = 1
Set @SQL = 'Declare crsr cursor for select COLUMN_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE where TABLE_NAME = '''
 + @Tbl1 + ''' or TABLE_SCHEMA + ''.'' + TABLE_NAME = ''' + @Tbl1 +  ''' or TABLE_CATALOG + ''.'' + TABLE_SCHEMA + ''.'' + TABLE_NAME = ''' + @Tbl1 
 + ''' order by ORDINAL_POSITION'
exec(@SQL)
open crsr 
fetch next from crsr into @strTmp
while @@fetch_status = 0
begin 
    if @nLoop = 1 
    begin 
        Set @Pk = 's.' + @strTmp + ' = b._' + @strTmp
        Set @Pk1 = @strTmp
        set @nLoop = @nLoop + 1 
    end 
    Else
    Set @Pk = @Pk + ' and s.' + @strTmp + ' = b._' + @strTmp
fetch next from crsr into @strTmp 

end 
close crsr
deallocate crsr

--SQL statement build
set @SQL = 'select case when s.' + @Pk1 + ' is null then ''Del'' when b._' + @Pk1 + ' is null then ''Add'' else ''Gap'' end as TypErr, '''
set @SQL = @SQL + @Tbl1 +''' as Tbl1, s.*, ''' + @Tbl2 +''' as Tbl2 ,b.* from (Select ' + @Fld1 + ' from ' + @Tbl1
set @SQL = @SQL + ' EXCEPT SELECT ' + @Fld2 + ' from ' + @Tbl2 + ')s full join (Select ' + @Fld2 + ' from ' + @Tbl2 
set @SQL = @SQL + ' EXCEPT SELECT ' + @Fld1 + ' from ' + @Tbl1 +')b on '+ @Pk 

--Run SQL statement
Exec(@SQL)
END

#7

    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2,2,3,3]) 
    EXCEPT
    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,1,2,3,3])
UNION
    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,1,2,3,3])
    EXCEPT
    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2,2,3,3])

Result is null, but sources are different!

结果是空的，但是源不同!

But:

但是:

(
    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2,2,3])
    EXCEPT ALL
    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[2,1,2,3])
)
UNION
(
    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[2,1,2,3])
    EXCEPT ALL
    SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2,2,3])
)

works.

的工作原理。

#8

In MySQL, where "minus" is not supported, and taking performance into account, this is a fast

在MySQL中，不支持“减”，并且考虑到性能，这是一种快速方法

query:
SELECT 
t1.id, 
t1.id 
FROM t1 inner join t2 using (id) where concat(t1.C, t1.D, ...)<>concat(t2.C, t2.D, ...)

#9

Enhancement to dietbuddha's answer...

增强dietbuddha的回答……

select * from
(
    select * from tableA
    minus
    select * from tableB
)
union all
select * from
(
    select * from tableB
    minus
    select * from tableA
)

#10

I had this same issue in SQL Server and wrote this T-SQL script to automate the process (actually this is the watered-down version, mine wrote all the diff to a single table for easy reporting).

我在SQL Server中遇到了同样的问题，并编写了这个T-SQL脚本来自动执行这个过程(实际上这是一个简化的版本，我的脚本将所有的差异写在一个表中，以便于报告)。

Update 'MyTable' and 'MyOtherTable' to the names of the tables you wish to compare.

将“MyTable”和“MyOtherTable”更新为希望进行比较的表的名称。

DECLARE @ColName varchar(100)
DECLARE @Table1 varchar(100) = 'MyTable'
DECLARE @Table2 varchar(100) = 'MyOtherTable'


IF (OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#col') IS NOT NULL) DROP TABLE #col
SELECT  IDENTITY(INT, 1, 1) RowNum , c.name
INTO    #col
FROM    SYS.Objects o 
        JOIN SYS.columns c on o.object_id = c.object_id
WHERE   o.name = @Table1 AND NOT c.Name IN ('List','Columns','YouWantToIgnore')

DECLARE @Counter INT = (SELECT MAX(RowNum) FROM #col)

    WHILE @Counter > 0

        BEGIN
            SET @ColName = (SELECT name FROM #Col WHERE RowNum= @Counter)
                EXEC ('SELECT  t1.Identifier
                        ,t1.'+@ColName+' AS '+@Table1+@ColName+'
                        ,t2.'+@ColName+' AS '+@Table2+@ColName+'
                FROM    '+@Table1+' t1
                        LEFT JOIN '+@Table2+' t2 ON t1.Identifier = t2.Identifier 
                WHERE   t1.'+@ColName+' <> t2.'+@ColName)
            SET @Counter = @Counter - 1 
        END

#11

I wrote this to compare the results of a pretty nasty view I ported from Oracle to SQL Server. It creates a pair of temp tables, #DataVariances and #SchemaVariances, with differences in (you guessed it) the data in the tables and the schema of the tables themselves.

我写这篇文章是为了比较我从Oracle到SQL Server的一个非常糟糕的视图的结果。它创建了一对临时表，#DataVariances和# schemavariments，它们在表中的数据和表本身的模式(您可能猜到了)方面存在差异。

It requires both tables have a primary key, but you could drop it into tempdb with an identity column if the source tables don't have one.

它需要两个表都有一个主键，但是如果源表没有，则可以将其放入到tempdb中。

declare @TableA_ThreePartName nvarchar(max) = ''
declare @TableB_ThreePartName nvarchar(max) = ''
declare @KeyName nvarchar(max) = ''

/***********************************************************************************************

    Script to compare two tables and return differneces in schema and data.

    Author: Devin Lamothe       2017-08-11

***********************************************************************************************/
set nocount on

-- Split three part name into database/schema/table
declare @Database_A nvarchar(max) = (
    select  left(@TableA_ThreePartName,charindex('.',@TableA_ThreePartName) - 1))
declare @Table_A nvarchar(max) = (
    select  right(@TableA_ThreePartName,len(@TableA_ThreePartName) - charindex('.',@TableA_ThreePartName,len(@Database_A) + 2)))
declare @Schema_A nvarchar(max) = (
    select  replace(replace(@TableA_ThreePartName,@Database_A + '.',''),'.' + @Table_A,''))

declare @Database_B nvarchar(max) = (
    select  left(@TableB_ThreePartName,charindex('.',@TableB_ThreePartName) - 1))
declare @Table_B nvarchar(max) = (
    select  right(@TableB_ThreePartName,len(@TableB_ThreePartName) - charindex('.',@TableB_ThreePartName,len(@Database_B) + 2)))
declare @Schema_B nvarchar(max) = (
    select  replace(replace(@TableB_ThreePartName,@Database_B + '.',''),'.' + @Table_B,''))

-- Get schema for both tables
declare @GetTableADetails nvarchar(max) = '
    use [' + @Database_A +']
        select  COLUMN_NAME
             ,  DATA_TYPE
          from  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
         where  TABLE_NAME = ''' + @Table_A + '''
           and  TABLE_SCHEMA = ''' + @Schema_A + '''
    '
create table #Table_A_Details (
    ColumnName nvarchar(max)
,   DataType nvarchar(max)
)
insert into #Table_A_Details
exec (@GetTableADetails)

declare @GetTableBDetails nvarchar(max) = '
    use [' + @Database_B +']
        select  COLUMN_NAME
             ,  DATA_TYPE
          from  INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
         where  TABLE_NAME = ''' + @Table_B + '''
           and  TABLE_SCHEMA = ''' + @Schema_B + '''
    '
create table #Table_B_Details (
    ColumnName nvarchar(max)
,   DataType nvarchar(max)
)
insert into #Table_B_Details
exec (@GetTableBDetails)


-- Get differences in table schema
            select  ROW_NUMBER() over (order by
                        a.ColumnName
                    ,   b.ColumnName) as RowKey
                 ,  a.ColumnName as A_ColumnName
                 ,  a.DataType as A_DataType
                 ,  b.ColumnName as B_ColumnName
                 ,  b.DataType as B_DataType
              into  #FieldList
              from  #Table_A_Details a
   full outer join  #Table_B_Details b
                on  a.ColumnName = b.ColumnName
             where  a.ColumnName is null
                or  b.ColumnName is null
                or  a.DataType <> b.DataType

        drop table  #Table_A_Details
        drop table  #Table_B_Details

            select  coalesce(A_ColumnName,B_ColumnName) as ColumnName
                 ,  A_DataType
                 ,  B_DataType
              into  #SchemaVariances
              from  #FieldList

-- Get differences in table data
declare @LastColumn int = (select max(RowKey) from #FieldList)
declare @RowNumber int = 1
declare @ThisField nvarchar(max)
declare @TestSql nvarchar(max)



create table #DataVariances (
    TableKey            nvarchar(max)
,   FieldName           nvarchar(max)
,   TableA_Value        nvarchar(max)
,   TableB_Value        nvarchar(max)
)

delete from #FieldList where A_DataType in ('varbinary','image') or B_DataType in ('varbinary','image') 

while @RowNumber <= @LastColumn begin
    set @TestSql = '
        select  coalesce(a.[' + @KeyName + '],b.[' + @KeyName + ']) as TableKey
             ,  ''' + @ThisField + ''' as FieldName
             ,  a.[' + @ThisField + '] as [TableA_Value]
             ,  b.[' + @ThisField + '] as [TableB_Value]
          from  [' + @Database_A + '].[' + @Schema_A + '].[' + @Table_A + '] a 
    inner join  [' + @Database_B + '].[' + @Schema_B + '].[' + @Table_B + '] b
            on  a.[' + @KeyName + '] = b.[' + @KeyName + ']
         where  ltrim(rtrim(a.[' + @ThisField + '])) <> ltrim(rtrim(b.[' + @ThisField + ']))
            or (a.[' + @ThisField + '] is null and  b.[' + @ThisField + '] is not null)
            or (a.[' + @ThisField + '] is not null and  b.[' + @ThisField + '] is null)
'

insert into #DataVariances
exec (@TestSql)

set @RowNumber = @RowNumber + 1
set @ThisField = (select coalesce(A_ColumnName,B_ColumnName) from #FieldList a where RowKey = @RowNumber)

end

drop table #FieldList

print 'Query complete.  Select from #DataVariances to verify data integrity or #SchemaVariances to verify schemas match.  Data types varbinary and image are not checked.'

#12

An alternative, enhanced query based on answer by dietbuddha & IanMc. The query includes description to helpfully show where rows exist and are missing. (NB: for SQL Server)

另一种基于dietbuddha & IanMc回答的增强查询。该查询包括描述，以帮助显示哪些行存在并丢失。(注:SQL服务器)

(
    select 'InTableA_NoMatchInTableB' as Msg, * from tableA
    except
    select 'InTableA_NoMatchInTableB' , * from tableB
)
union all
(
    select 'InTableB_NoMatchInTableA' as Msg, * from tableB
    except
    select 'InTableB_NNoMatchInTableA' ,* from tableA
)