Linux I2C设备驱动编写(三)-实例分析AM3359

时间:2021-02-10 16:53:15

http://blog.csdn.net/airk000/article/details/21460689/

TI-AM3359 I2C适配器实例分析

I2C Spec简述

特性:
  • 兼容飞利浦I2C 2.1版本规格
  • 支持标准模式(100K bits/s)和快速模式(400K bits/s)
  • 多路接收、发送模式
  • 支持7bit、10bit设备地址模式
  • 32字节FIFO缓冲区
  • 可编程时钟发生器
  • 双DMA通道,一条中断线
  • 三个I2C模块实例I2C0\I2C1\I2C2
  • 时钟信号能够达到最高48MHz,来自PRCM
不支持
  • SCCB协议
  • 高速模式(3.4MBPS)
管脚
管脚 类型 描述
I2Cx_SCL I/OD I2C 串行时钟
I2Cx_SDA I/OD I2C 串行数据
I2C重置
  • 通过系统重置PIRSTNA=0,所有寄存器都会被重置到上电状态
  • 软重置,置位I2C_SYSC寄存器的SRST位。
  • I2C_CON寄存器的I2C_EN位可以让I2C模块重置。当PIRSTNA=1,I2C_EN=0会让I2C模块功能部分重置,所有寄存器数据会被暂存(不会恢复上电状态)
数据有效性
  • SDA在SCL高电平期间必须保持稳定,而只有在SCL低电平期间数据线(SDA)才可以进行高低电平切换
开始位&停止位

当I2C模块被设置为主控制时会产生START和STOP:

  • START开始位是SCL高电平期间SDA HIGH->LOW

SCL   _____         _______                  \____/SDA   __             \____________

  • STOP停止位是SCL高电平期间SDA LOW->HIGH

SCL    _____         _______                   \____/SDA        ___________          __/

  • 在START信号后总线就会被认为是busy忙状态,而在STOP后其会被视为空闲状态
串行数据格式

8位数据格式,每个放在SDA线上的都是1个字节即8位长,总共有多少个字节要发送/接收是需要写在DCOUNT寄存器中的。数据是高位先传输,如果I2C模块处于接收模式中,那么一个应答位后跟着一个字节的数据。I2C模块支持两种数据格式:

  • 7bit/10bit地址格式
  • 带有多个开始位的7bit/10bit地址格式

Linux I2C设备驱动编写(三)-实例分析AM3359

FIFO控制

I2C模块有两个内部的32字节FIFO,FIFO的深度可以通过控制I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW.FIFODEPTH寄存器修改。

如何编程I2C

1. 使能模块前先设置
  • 使分频器产生约12MHz的I2C模块时钟(设置I2C_PSC=x,x的值需要根据系统时钟频率进行计算)
  • 使I2C时钟产生100Kpbs(Standard Mode)或400Kbps(Fast Mode)(SCLL = x 及 SCLH = x,这些值也是需要根据系统时钟频率进行计算)
  • 如果是FS模式,则配置自己的地址(I2C_OA = x)
  • 重置I2C模块(I2C_CON:I2C_EN=1)
2. 初始化程序
  • 设置I2C工作模式寄存器(I2C_CON)
  • 若想用传输数据中断则使能中断掩码(I2C_IRQENABLE_SET)
  • 如果在FS模式中,使用DMA传输数据的话,使能DMA(I2C_BUF及I2C_DMA/RX/TX/ENABLE_SET)且配置DMA控制器
3. 设置从地址和数据计数器

在主动模式中,设置从地址(I2C_SA = x),设置传输需要的字节数(I2C_CNT = x)

4. 初始化一次传输

在FS模式中。查询一下I2C状态寄存器(I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW)中总线状态(BB),如果是0则说明总线不是忙状态,设置START/STOP(I2C_CON:STT/STP)初始化一次传输。

5. 接收数据

检查I2C状态寄存器(I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW)中代表接收数据是否准备好的中断位(RRDY),用这个RRDY中断(I2C_IRQENABLE_SET.RRDY_IE置位)或使用DMA_RX(I2C_BUF.RDMA_EN置位且I2C_DMARXENABLE_SET置位)去数据接收寄存器(I2C_DATA)中去读接收到的数据。

6. 发送数据

查询代表传输数据是否准备好的中断位(XRDY)(还是在状态寄存器I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW中),用XRDY中断(I2C_IRQENABLE_SET.XRDY_IE置位)或DMA_TX(I2C_BUF.XDMA_EN与I2C_DMATXENABLE_SET置位)去将数据写入到I2C_DATA寄存器中。

I2C寄存器

由于寄存器众多,这里只将上述提到过的几个拿出来(不包含DMA相关)。

偏移量 寄存器名 概述
00h I2C_REVNB_LO 只读,存储着硬烧写的此模块的版本号
04h I2C_REVNB_HI 只读,存储功能和SCHEME信息
24h I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW 读写,提供相关中断信息,是否使能等
2Ch I2C_IRQENABLE_SET 读写,使能中断
98h I2C_CNT 读写,设置I2C数据承载量(多少字节),在STT设1和接到ARDY间不能改动此寄存器
9Ch I2C_DATA 读写,8位,本地数据读写到FIFO寄存器
A4h I2C_CON 读写,在传输期间不要修改(STT为1到接收到ARDY间),I2C控制设置
A8h I2C_OA 读写,8位,传输期间不能修改。设置自身I2C地址7bit/10bit
ACh I2C_SA 读写,10位,设置从地址7bit/10bit
B0h I2C_PSC 读写,8位,分频器设置,使能I2C前可修改
B4h I2C_SCLL 读写,8位,使能I2C前可修改,占空比低电平时间
B8h I2C_SCLH 读写,8位,使能I2C前可修改,占空比高电平时间

适配器代码解读

在Linux内核驱动中,此适配器驱动存在于drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-omap.c。根据前几节对适配器i2c_adapter的理解,在写I2C适配器驱动时,主要集中在对传输、设备初始化、电源管理这几点。

平台设备注册
static struct platform_driver omap_i2c_driver = {
.probe = omap_i2c_probe,
.remove = omap_i2c_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "omap_i2c",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.pm = OMAP_I2C_PM_OPS,
.of_match_table = of_match_ptr(omap_i2c_of_match),
},
};

可以看到,此适配器的匹配是通过dts(Device Tree)进行匹配的,omap_i2c_of_match为:

static const struct of_device_id omap_i2c_of_match[] = {
{
.compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c",
.data = &omap4_pdata,
},
{
.compatible = "ti,omap3-i2c",
.data = &omap3_pdata,
},
{ },
};

通过在查阅相关dts,不难发现有这样的设备节点存在:

     i2c0: i2c@44e0b000 {
compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
ti,hwmods = "i2c1"; /* TODO: Fix hwmod */
reg = <0x44e0b000 0x1000>;
interrupts = <70>;
status = "disabled";
};

i2c1: i2c@4802a000 {
compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
ti,hwmods = "i2c2"; /* TODO: Fix hwmod */
reg = <0x4802a000 0x1000>;
interrupts = <71>;
status = "disabled";
};

i2c2: i2c@4819c000 {
compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
ti,hwmods = "i2c3"; /* TODO: Fix hwmod */
reg = <0x4819c000 0x1000>;
interrupts = <30>;
status = "disabled";
};

通过查阅AM3359手册168页的内存映射表可以发现,这个dts所描述的3个I2C总线节点是与AM3359完全对应的,而名称(即compatible)也与驱动中所指定的列表项能够匹配。至于中断号的确定可通过手册的212页TABLE 6-1. ARM Cortex-A8 Interrupts得到,这里不再贴图,关于DTS的相关知识也非本问涉及,不做介绍。
Linux I2C设备驱动编写(三)-实例分析AM3359

Linux I2C设备驱动编写(三)-实例分析AM3359

Linux I2C设备驱动编写(三)-实例分析AM3359

下面重点分析此驱动的probe及电源管理。

匹配动作probe

由于DTS的存在,一旦内核检测到匹配的Device Tree节点就会触发probe匹配动作(因为DTS节省了对原本platform_device在板级代码中的存在)。由于probe函数内容较多,此处部分节选:

static int
omap_i2c_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct omap_i2c_dev *dev;
struct i2c_adapter *adap;
struct resource *mem;
const struct omap_i2c_bus_platform_data *pdata =
pdev->dev.platform_data;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
const struct of_device_id *match;
int irq;
int r;
u32 rev;
u16 minor, major, scheme;
struct pinctrl *pinctrl;

/* NOTE: driver uses the static register mapping */
mem = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0); //对应DTS中reg
if (!mem) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no mem resource?\n");
return -ENODEV;
}

irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); //对应DTS中interrupts
if (irq < 0) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no irq resource?\n");
return irq;
}

dev = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct omap_i2c_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Menory allocation failed\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}

dev->base = devm_request_and_ioremap(&pdev->dev, mem); //做内存和IO映射
if (!dev->base) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "I2C region already claimed\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}

match = of_match_device(of_match_ptr(omap_i2c_of_match), &pdev->dev); //通过DTS进行匹配
if (match) {
u32 freq = 100000; /* default to 100000 Hz */

pdata = match->data;
dev->flags = pdata->flags;

of_property_read_u32(node, "clock-frequency", &freq);
/* convert DT freq value in Hz into kHz for speed */
dev->speed = freq / 1000; //若成功匹配则设置I2C总线适配器速度为clock-frequency的数值
} else if (pdata != NULL) {
dev->speed = pdata->clkrate; //若没匹配成功,而又有pdata(即通过传统方式注册platform_device)
dev->flags = pdata->flags;
dev->set_mpu_wkup_lat = pdata->set_mpu_wkup_lat;
}

rev = __raw_readw(dev->base + 0x04); //读取I2C_REVNB_HI寄存器

/*
* #define OMAP_I2C_SCHEME(rev) ((rev & 0xc000) >> 14)
* 对应spec中描述:4244页,15-14位SCHEME,只读。
*/
scheme = OMAP_I2C_SCHEME(rev);
switch (scheme) {
case OMAP_I2C_SCHEME_0:
dev->regs = (u8 *)reg_map_ip_v1;
dev->rev = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_REV_REG);
minor = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_0_MAJOR(dev->rev);
major = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_0_MAJOR(dev->rev);
break;
case OMAP_I2C_SCHEME_1:
/* FALLTHROUGH */
default:
dev->regs = (u8 *)reg_map_ip_v2;
rev = (rev << 16) |
omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_LO);
minor = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_1_MINOR(rev);
major = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_1_MAJOR(rev);
dev->rev = rev;
}

上述代码为版本判断,根据不同版本确定不同的寄存器地图。根据spec能够确定,实际AM3359的I2C总线适配器应该是OMAP_I2C_SCHEME_1类型,其寄存器地图为reg_map_ip_v2:

static const u8 reg_map_ip_v2[] = {
[OMAP_I2C_REV_REG] = 0x04,
[OMAP_I2C_IE_REG] = 0x2c,
[OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG] = 0x28,
[OMAP_I2C_IV_REG] = 0x34,
[OMAP_I2C_WE_REG] = 0x34,
[OMAP_I2C_SYSS_REG] = 0x90,
[OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG] = 0x94,
[OMAP_I2C_CNT_REG] = 0x98,
[OMAP_I2C_DATA_REG] = 0x9c,
[OMAP_I2C_SYSC_REG] = 0x10,
[OMAP_I2C_CON_REG] = 0xa4,
[OMAP_I2C_OA_REG] = 0xa8,
[OMAP_I2C_SA_REG] = 0xac,
[OMAP_I2C_PSC_REG] = 0xb0,
[OMAP_I2C_SCLL_REG] = 0xb4,
[OMAP_I2C_SCLH_REG] = 0xb8,
[OMAP_I2C_SYSTEST_REG] = 0xbC,
[OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG] = 0xc0,
[OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_LO] = 0x00,
[OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_HI] = 0x04,
[OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQSTATUS_RAW] = 0x24,
[OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_SET] = 0x2c,
[OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_CLR] = 0x30,
};

与spec能够对应上。不过这个列表不是根据寄存器地址排序的,是根据:

enum {
OMAP_I2C_REV_REG = 0,
OMAP_I2C_IE_REG,
OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG,
OMAP_I2C_IV_REG,
OMAP_I2C_WE_REG,
OMAP_I2C_SYSS_REG,
OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG,
OMAP_I2C_CNT_REG,
OMAP_I2C_DATA_REG,
OMAP_I2C_SYSC_REG,
OMAP_I2C_CON_REG,
OMAP_I2C_OA_REG,
OMAP_I2C_SA_REG,
OMAP_I2C_PSC_REG,
OMAP_I2C_SCLL_REG,
OMAP_I2C_SCLH_REG,
OMAP_I2C_SYSTEST_REG,
OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG,
/* only on OMAP4430 */
OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_LO,
OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_HI,
OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQSTATUS_RAW,
OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_SET,
OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_CLR,
};

共计23个寄存器。接下来是获取FIFO信息:

if (!(dev->flags & OMAP_I2C_FLAG_NO_FIFO)) {
u16 s;

/*
* OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG对应寄存器地图中的寄存器0xc0,即I2C_BUFSTAT寄存器。
* 其第14~15位代表FIFO大小:0x0-8字节,0x1-16字节,0x2-32字节,0x3-64字节,只读寄存器。
* 改变RX/TX FIFO可通过改写I2C_BUF 0x94寄存器
*/
s = (omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG) >> 14) & 0x3;
dev->fifo_size = 0x8 << s;
dev->fifo_size = (dev->fifo_size / 2); //折半是为了处理潜在事件
}

接下来是对I2C适配器的初始化:

/* reset ASAP, clearing any IRQs */ //尽快重置,清除所有中断位
omap_i2c_init(dev);

进入此函数后在对具体硬件操作前还进行了时钟的相关计算,由于代码比较冗长,这里直接根据实际情况提炼出部分代码进行分析:

static int omap_i2c_init(struct omap_i2c_dev *dev)
{
u16 psc = 0, scll = 0, sclh = 0;
u16 fsscll = 0, fssclh = 0, hsscll = 0, hssclh = 0;
unsigned long fclk_rate = 12000000; //12MHz
unsigned long internal_clk = 0;
struct clk *fclk;
if (!(dev->flags & OMAP_I2C_FLAG_SIMPLE_CLOCK)) {
//上边的代码中表示过,默认为100KHz。即标准模式,而此I2C适配器只能支持标准和快速,对于高速模式并不支持
internal_clk = 4000;
fclk = clk_get(dev->dev, "fck");
fclk_rate = clk_get_rate(fclk) / 1000;
clk_put(fclk);

/* Compute prescaler divisor */
psc = fclk_rate / internal_clk; //计算分频器系数,0~0xff表示1倍到256倍
psc = psc - 1;
/*
* SCLL为SCL低电平设置,持续时间tROW = (SCLL + 7) * ICLK,即SCLL = tROW / ICLK - 7
* SCLH为SCL高电平设置,持续时间tHIGH= (SCLH + 5) * ICLK,即SCLH = tHIGH/ ICLK - 5
*/
/* Standard mode */
fsscll = internal_clk / (dev->speed * 2) - 7;
fssclh = internal_clk / (dev->speed * 2) - 5;

scll = (hsscll << OMAP_I2C_SCLL_HSSCLL) | fsscll;
sclh = (hssclh << OMAP_I2C_SCLH_HSSCLH) | fssclh;
}
dev->iestate = (OMAP_I2C_IE_XRDY | OMAP_I2C_IE_RRDY |
OMAP_I2C_IE_ARDY | OMAP_I2C_IE_NACK |
OMAP_I2C_IE_AL) | ((dev->fifo_size) ?
(OMAP_I2C_IE_RDR | OMAP_I2C_IE_XDR) : 0); //设置传输数据相关中断位

dev->pscstate = psc;
dev->scllstate = scll;
dev->sclhstate = sclh;

__omap_i2c_init(dev);

return 0;
}

对一些最后的必要参数计算或匹配完后,通过最终的__omap_i2c_init(dev)进行最后的写入:

static void __omap_i2c_init(struct omap_i2c_dev *dev)
{
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, 0); //重置控制器

/* Setup clock prescaler to obtain approx 12MHz I2C module clock: */
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_PSC_REG, dev->pscstate); //设置分频器参数

/* SCL low and high time values */
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_SCLL_REG, dev->scllstate); //设置SCL高低电平参数
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_SCLH_REG, dev->sclhstate);
if (dev->rev >= OMAP_I2C_REV_ON_3430_3530)
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_WE_REG, dev->westate);

/* Take the I2C module out of reset: */
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, OMAP_I2C_CON_EN); //使能I2C适配器

/*
* Don't write to this register if the IE state is 0 as it can
* cause deadlock.
*/
if (dev->iestate)
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IE_REG, dev->iestate); //设置中断使能位
}

到这里硬件模块的初始化工作就全部完成了。接下来继续,包含了中断处理程序注册、适配器注册等。

r = devm_request_threaded_irq(&pdev->dev, dev->irq,
omap_i2c_isr, omap_i2c_isr_thread,
IRQF_NO_SUSPEND | IRQF_ONESHOT,
pdev->name, dev);
//申请中断,并安装相应的handle及中断工作线程(主要包含传输工作)

if (r) {
dev_err(dev->dev, "failure requesting irq %i\n", dev->irq);
goto err_unuse_clocks;
}

adap = &dev->adapter; //开始准备适配器的注册工作
i2c_set_adapdata(adap, dev); //之前设置、计算的那些参数不能丢掉,要保存在adapter的dev->p->driver_data中。
adap->owner = THIS_MODULE;
adap->class = I2C_CLASS_HWMON;
strlcpy(adap->name, "OMAP I2C adapter", sizeof(adap->name));
adap->algo = &omap_i2c_algo; //此适配器的通讯算法
adap->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
adap->dev.of_node = pdev->dev.of_node;

/* i2c device drivers may be active on return from add_adapter() */
adap->nr = pdev->id; //指定总线号
r = i2c_add_numbered_adapter(adap); //注册适配器

of_i2c_register_devices(adap); //注册在DTS中声明的I2C设备

至此此I2C适配器成功注册,属于他的I2C设备也即将通过注册。稍做休息,然后分析最最重要的adapter->algo成员。

static const struct i2c_algorithm omap_i2c_algo = {
.master_xfer = omap_i2c_xfer,
.functionality = omap_i2c_func,
};

先看简单的功能查询接口函数:

static u32
omap_i2c_func(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
return I2C_FUNC_I2C | (I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_EMUL & ~I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK) |
I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING;
}

支持I2C、支持仿真SMBUS但不支持快速协议、支持协议编码(自定义协议)。在分析master_xfer成员前先熟悉一下i2c_msg的数据结构:

struct i2c_msg {
__u16 addr; /* slave address */
__u16 flags;
#define I2C_M_TEN 0x0010 /* this is a ten bit chip address */ //10bit从地址
#define I2C_M_RD 0x0001 /* read data, from slave to master */ //读数据
/*
* 相关资料 https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/i2c/i2c-protocol
*/
#define I2C_M_STOP 0x8000 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //每个消息后都会带有一个STOP位
#define I2C_M_NOSTART 0x4000 /* if I2C_FUNC_NOSTART */ //多消息传输,在第二个消息前设置此位
#define I2C_M_REV_DIR_ADDR 0x2000 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //切换读写标志位
#define I2C_M_IGNORE_NAK 0x1000 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //no ACK位会被视为ACK
#define I2C_M_NO_RD_ACK 0x0800 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //读消息时候,主设备的ACK/no ACK位会被忽略
#define I2C_M_RECV_LEN 0x0400 /* length will be first received byte */
__u16 len; /* msg length */
__u8 *buf; /* pointer to msg data */
};
  • addr即从设备地址
  • flags可以控制数据、协议格式等
  • len代表消息产股的
  • buf是指向所传输数据的指针

下面介绍AM3359 I2C适配器的传输机制:

static int
omap_i2c_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg msgs[], int num)
{
struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = i2c_get_adapdata(adap);
int i;
int r;

r = pm_runtime_get_sync(dev->dev);
if (IS_ERR_VALUE(r))
goto out;

r = omap_i2c_wait_for_bb(dev); //通过读取寄存器I2C_IRQSTATUS的12位BB查询总线状态,等待总线空闲
if (r < 0)
goto out;

if (dev->set_mpu_wkup_lat != NULL)
dev->set_mpu_wkup_lat(dev->dev, dev->latency);

for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
r = omap_i2c_xfer_msg(adap, &msgs[i], (i == (num - 1))); //传输消息,最后一条消息接STOP位
if (r != 0)
break;
}

if (r == 0)
r = num;

omap_i2c_wait_for_bb(dev);
out:
pm_runtime_mark_last_busy(dev->dev);
pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(dev->dev);
return r;
}

omap_i2c_xfer_msg比较长,让我们慢慢分析:

static int omap_i2c_xfer_msg(struct i2c_adapter *adap,
struct i2c_msg *msg, int stop)
{
struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = i2c_get_adapdata(adap);
unsigned long timeout;
u16 w;

dev_dbg(dev->dev, "addr: 0x%04x, len: %d, flags: 0x%x, stop: %d\n",
msg->addr, msg->len, msg->flags, stop);

if (msg->len == 0) //无效长度检测
return -EINVAL;

dev->receiver = !!(msg->flags & I2C_M_RD); //判断是否为读取数据,若是则为receiver模式
omap_i2c_resize_fifo(dev, msg->len, dev->receiver); //根据所需发送/接收数据调整并清空对应FIFO,操作I2C_BUF寄存器0x94
//14位,清除接收FIFO,13~8位设置接收FIFO大小,最大64字节
//6位,清除发送FIFO,0~5位设置发送FIFO大小,最大64字节

omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_SA_REG, msg->addr); //写入从地址

/* REVISIT: Could the STB bit of I2C_CON be used with probing? */
dev->buf = msg->buf; //组装消息
dev->buf_len = msg->len;

/* make sure writes to dev->buf_len are ordered */
barrier();

omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CNT_REG, dev->buf_len); //写入消息数量

/* Clear the FIFO Buffers */
w = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG);
w |= OMAP_I2C_BUF_RXFIF_CLR | OMAP_I2C_BUF_TXFIF_CLR;
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG, w); //依然是清除FIFO,在omap_i2c_resize_fifo中只清除了RX/TX之一,由dev->receiver决定

INIT_COMPLETION(dev->cmd_complete); //初始化等待量,是为中断处理线程准备的
dev->cmd_err = 0; //清空错误码

w = OMAP_I2C_CON_EN | OMAP_I2C_CON_MST | OMAP_I2C_CON_STT; //使能I2C适配器,并设置master模式,产生开始位。即S-A-D
/* S开始位,A从地址,D数据,P停止位。在I2C适配器发送数据时的序列为:
* S-A-D-(n)-P
* 而即便是I2C适配器从从设备中读取数据,其协议头也是一样的,之后后续发生改变:
* S-A-D-S-A-D-P 关于读写方向,一包含在A中。所以无论是读还是写,第一个S-A-D都会有的。
*/
/* High speed configuration */
if (dev->speed > 400)
w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_OPMODE_HS;

if (msg->flags & I2C_M_STOP)
stop = 1;
if (msg->flags & I2C_M_TEN) //10bit从地址扩展
w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_XA;
if (!(msg->flags & I2C_M_RD))
w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_TRX; //设置是发送、接收模式

if (!dev->b_hw && stop) //在传输最后生成一个STOP位,若flags设置了I2C_M_STOP则每一个消息后都要跟一个STOP位(真的有这样的从设备需求)
w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_STP;

omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, w); //通过设置I2C_CON寄存器初始化一次传输,此处后进入中断程序

/*
* Don't write stt and stp together on some hardware.
*/
if (dev->b_hw && stop) {
unsigned long delay = jiffies + OMAP_I2C_TIMEOUT;
u16 con = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG);
while (con & OMAP_I2C_CON_STT) {
con = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG);

/* Let the user know if i2c is in a bad state */
if (time_after(jiffies, delay)) {
dev_err(dev->dev, "controller timed out "
"waiting for start condition to finish\n");
return -ETIMEDOUT;
}
cpu_relax();
}

w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_STP;
w &= ~OMAP_I2C_CON_STT;
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, w); //写停止位
}

/*
* REVISIT: We should abort the transfer on signals, but the bus goes
* into arbitration and we're currently unable to recover from it.
*/
timeout = wait_for_completion_timeout(&dev->cmd_complete,
OMAP_I2C_TIMEOUT); //等待中断处理完成
if (timeout == 0) {
dev_err(dev->dev, "controller timed out\n");
omap_i2c_reset(dev);
__omap_i2c_init(dev);
return -ETIMEDOUT;
}

if (likely(!dev->cmd_err)) //下边是一些错误处理,错误码会在中断处理中出错的时候配置上
return 0;

/* We have an error */
if (dev->cmd_err & (OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL | OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR |
OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF)) {
omap_i2c_reset(dev);
__omap_i2c_init(dev);
return -EIO;
}

if (dev->cmd_err & OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK) {
if (msg->flags & I2C_M_IGNORE_NAK)
return 0;
if (stop) {
w = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG);
w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_STP;
omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, w);
}
return -EREMOTEIO;
}
return -EIO;
}

可见,这里只是对消息的发送、接收做了前期的初始化以及扫尾工作,关键在于中断如何处理:

static irqreturn_t
omap_i2c_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = dev_id;
irqreturn_t ret = IRQ_HANDLED;
u16 mask;
u16 stat;

spin_lock(&dev->lock);
mask = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IE_REG);
stat = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG);

if (stat & mask) //检验中断是否有效,若有效则开启中断线程
ret = IRQ_WAKE_THREAD;

spin_unlock(&dev->lock);

return ret;
}

接下来进入I2C适配器的中断处理线程:

static irqreturn_t
omap_i2c_isr_thread(int this_irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = dev_id;
unsigned long flags;
u16 bits;
u16 stat;
int err = 0, count = 0;

spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags);
do {
bits = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IE_REG);
stat = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG);
stat &= bits; //IRQ status和使能寄存器基本是一一对应的(除部分保留位)

/* If we're in receiver mode, ignore XDR/XRDY */ //根据不同模式自动忽略对应寄存器
if (dev->receiver)
stat &= ~(OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR | OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY);
else
stat &= ~(OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR | OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY);

if (!stat) {
/* my work here is done */
goto out;
} //过滤一圈下来发现白扯了~Orz

dev_dbg(dev->dev, "IRQ (ISR = 0x%04x)\n", stat);
if (count++ == 100) { //一次中断可能带有多个事件,如事件过多(100个)直接放弃……
dev_warn(dev->dev, "Too much work in one IRQ\n");
break;
}

if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK) { //收到NO ACK位
err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK;
omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK); //记录错误码,清空此位
break;
}

if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL) { //在发送模式中,丢失Arbitration后自动置位
dev_err(dev->dev, "Arbitration lost\n");
err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL;
omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL);
break;
}

/*
* ProDB0017052: Clear ARDY bit twice
*/
if (stat & (OMAP_I2C_STAT_ARDY | OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK |
OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL)) {
omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, (OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY |
OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR |
OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY |
OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR |
OMAP_I2C_STAT_ARDY));
break;
}
//接收数据,不过我没太弄懂RDR和RRDY的关系,应该是一个是FIFO中的数据,一个不是。有高手请帮解读下,不胜感激。
if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR) { //RDR有效
u8 num_bytes = 1;

if (dev->fifo_size)
num_bytes = dev->buf_len;

omap_i2c_receive_data(dev, num_bytes, true); //从I2C_DATA寄存器中读取接收到的数据

if (dev->errata & I2C_OMAP_ERRATA_I207)
i2c_omap_errata_i207(dev, stat);

omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR);
continue;
}

if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY) { //有新消息待读
u8 num_bytes = 1;

if (dev->threshold)
num_bytes = dev->threshold;

omap_i2c_receive_data(dev, num_bytes, false); //接收数据
omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY);
continue;
}
//发送数据相关
if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR) {
u8 num_bytes = 1;
int ret;

if (dev->fifo_size)
num_bytes = dev->buf_len;

ret = omap_i2c_transmit_data(dev, num_bytes, true); //将数据写入I2C_DATA寄存器
if (ret < 0)
break;

omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR);
continue;
}

if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY) {
u8 num_bytes = 1;
int ret;

if (dev->threshold)
num_bytes = dev->threshold;

ret = omap_i2c_transmit_data(dev, num_bytes, false);
if (ret < 0)
break;

omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY);
continue;
}

if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR) { //接收溢出
dev_err(dev->dev, "Receive overrun\n");
err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR;
omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR);
break;
}

if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF) { //发送溢出
dev_err(dev->dev, "Transmit underflow\n");
err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF;
omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF);
break;
}
} while (stat);

omap_i2c_complete_cmd(dev, err); //通知传输函数完成(可以写STOP位了),并带回错误码

out:
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags);

return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

到这里就分析完AM3359的I2C总线适配器的消息传输算法了。关于RDR/RRDY和XDR/XRDY的困惑之后我会去自己分辨,如果有了新的理解会及时更新。若有大牛路过,也希望对此给予指点一二。

总结:

通过对AM3359集成的I2C总线适配器的驱动分析,可以看到对于适配器驱动来说,需要包含一下几点:

  • 电源管理
  • 初始化(时钟、中断等参数设置)
  • 消息传输算法实现

其中最复杂,也最重要的模块就是传输算法的实现,虽然模式中主要就是两种(master/slave),但是对中断状态的检测尤为重要,而且其中还要有必要的判错防御代码来保证在出现异常的情况下I2C适配器能够自矫正进而继续正常工作。

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