netty是java的高性能socket框架，linux下基epoll，这里不对他多牛逼作分析，网上资料很多，这里针对一般socket的业务作个例子
几个基本概念：
channel类似于socket句柄的抽象
pipeline是每个socket里面的eventHandler的处理响应链
每个socket（channel）绑定一个pipeline，，每个pipeline绑定若干个handler，netty里面的handler，专门用来处理和业务有关的东西，handler有upHandler和downHandler，down用来处理发包，up用来处理收包，大概的示例图看这里
注意上面的123的顺序，很重要，在netty里面，处理顺序如图，对于up类的收包处理，最靠近收包层的顺序越靠前；对于down类的包处理，最靠近收包层的顺序越靠后
还有一些encoder和decoder，encoder用来在发包之前进行加密，decoder在收包以后进行解码，然后业务数据跳到事件处理流程。
下面具体上代码，版本是netty3.6
MessageClientHandler.java
package com.netty.test.client; import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler; public class MessageClientHandler extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler { private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(
MessageClientHandler.class.getName()); @Override
public void channelConnected(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) {
String message = "hello kafka0102";
e.getChannel().write(message);
} @Override
public void messageReceived(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) {
// Send back the received message to the remote peer.
System.err.println("client messageReceived send message "+e.getMessage());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000*3);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
e.getChannel().write(e.getMessage());
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) {
// Close the connection when an exception is raised.
logger.log(
Level.WARNING,
"Unexpected exception from downstream.",
e.getCause());
e.getChannel().close();
}
}
MessageDecoder.java
package com.netty.test.client;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.FrameDecoder; public class MessageDecoder extends FrameDecoder { @Override
protected Object decode(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Channel channel, ChannelBuffer buffer) throws Exception {
if (buffer.readableBytes() < 4) {
return null;//(1)
}
int dataLength = buffer.getInt(buffer.readerIndex());
if (buffer.readableBytes() < dataLength + 4) {
return null;//(2)
} buffer.skipBytes(4);//(3)
byte[] decoded = new byte[dataLength];
buffer.readBytes(decoded);
String msg = new String(decoded);//(4)
return msg;
}
}
MessageEncoder.java
package com.netty.test.client;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.oneone.OneToOneEncoder; public class MessageEncoder extends OneToOneEncoder { @Override
protected Object encode(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Channel channel, Object msg) throws Exception {
if (!(msg instanceof String)) {
return msg;//(1)
} String res = (String)msg;
byte[] data = res.getBytes();
int dataLength = data.length;
ChannelBuffer buf = ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer();//(2)
buf.writeInt(dataLength);
buf.writeBytes(data);
return buf;//(3)
}
}
用来测试的TestClientDownHandlerA.java
package com.netty.test.client; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelDownstreamHandler; public class TestClientDownHandlerA extends SimpleChannelDownstreamHandler { public void handleDownstream(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelEvent e)
throws Exception {
System.err.println("test client Down handlerA "); super.handleDownstream(ctx, e);
}
}
用来测试的TestClientDownHandlerB.java
package com.netty.test.client; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelDownstreamHandler; public class TestClientDownHandlerB extends SimpleChannelDownstreamHandler { public void handleDownstream(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelEvent e)
throws Exception {
System.err.println("test client Down handlerB "); super.handleDownstream(ctx, e);
}
}
MessageClientPipelineFactory.java
package com.netty.test.client; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels; import com.netty.test.client.MessageDecoder;
import com.netty.test.client.MessageEncoder; public class MessageClientPipelineFactory implements ChannelPipelineFactory { public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new MessageDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new MessageEncoder());
pipeline.addLast("handler", new MessageClientHandler()); pipeline.addFirst("testClientDownHandlerA", new TestClientDownHandlerA());
pipeline.addFirst("testClientDownHandlerB", new TestClientDownHandlerB()); return pipeline;
}
}
MessageClient.java
package com.netty.test.client; import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory; public class MessageClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Parse options.
String host = "127.0.0.1";
int port = 8888;
// Configure the client.
ClientBootstrap bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap(
new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(
Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),
Executors.newCachedThreadPool()));
// Set up the event pipeline factory.
bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new MessageClientPipelineFactory());
// Start the connection attempt.
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port));
// Wait until the connection is closed or the connection attempt fails.
future.getChannel().getCloseFuture().awaitUninterruptibly();
// Shut down thread pools to exit.
bootstrap.releaseExternalResources();
}
}
客户端代码完成
以下为服务端测试代码
MessageDecoder和Messagencoder照抄，这个都是一样的
MessageServerHandler.java
package com.netty.test.server;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler; public class MessageServerHandler extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler { private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(
MessageServerHandler.class.getName()); @Override
public void messageReceived(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) {
if (!(e.getMessage() instanceof String)) {
return;//(1)
}
String msg = (String) e.getMessage();
System.err.println("got msg:"+msg);
e.getChannel().write(msg);//(2)
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) {
logger.log(
Level.WARNING,
"Unexpected exception from downstream.",
e.getCause());
e.getChannel().close();
}
}
TestServerUpHandlerA.java
package com.netty.test.server; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler; public class TestServerUpHandlerA extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler { @Override
public void messageReceived(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) {
// Send back the received message to the remote peer.
System.err.println("server test upHandlerA get message "+e.getMessage()); try {
super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
} catch (Exception e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) { e.getChannel().close();
}
}
TestServerUpHandlerB.java
package com.netty.test.server; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler; public class TestServerUpHandlerB extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler { @Override
public void messageReceived(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) {
// Send back the received message to the remote peer.
System.err.println("server test upHandlerB get message "+e.getMessage()); try {
super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
} catch (Exception e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) { e.getChannel().close();
}
}
MessageServerPipelineFactory.java
package com.netty.test.server; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels; public class MessageServerPipelineFactory implements
ChannelPipelineFactory { public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new MessageDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new MessageEncoder());
pipeline.addLast("handler", new MessageServerHandler()); // pipeline.addFirst("testServerUpHandlerA", new TestServerUpHandlerA());
// pipeline.addFirst("testServerUpHandlerB", new TestServerUpHandlerB()); return pipeline;
}
}
MessageServer.java
package com.netty.test.server; import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory; public class MessageServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Configure the server.
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(
new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(
Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),
Executors.newCachedThreadPool())); // Set up the default event pipeline.
bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new MessageServerPipelineFactory()); // Bind and start to accept incoming connections.
bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8888));
}
}
通过测试，可以发现handler的处理顺序，和图上面的是一致的；还有可以参考下encoder和decoder的写法，改改，直接用于项目。