监听：
个人理解：本来想通过scan ip来配置tns总数报12545，后来通过vip来配置tns
11g rac的监听在安装时创建，由grid用户管理监听，listener.ora文件在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录中。rac中有asm实例和数据库实例。
[grid@node1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysasm"
SQL> show parameter listen;
NAME TYPE VALUE
---------------- ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks string
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener string
[grid@node2 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysasm"
SQL> show parameter listen;
NAME TYPE VALUE
---------------- ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks string
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node2-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener string
查看监听状态:
节点1：
[grid@node1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-JAN-2016 06:09:17
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 18-JAN-2016 00:15:53
Uptime 0 days 5 hr. 53 min. 23 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.201)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "RACDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "RACDB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "RACDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "RACDB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
（红色部分，如果在数据库实例中的host没有配置vip地址就不会显示）
The command completed successfully
节点2：
[grid@node2 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-JAN-2016 06:10:51
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 18-JAN-2016 00:15:54
Uptime 0 days 5 hr. 54 min. 59 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/node2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.202)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "RACDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "RACDB2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "RACDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "RACDB2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
查看oracle实例的listener配置：
[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> show parameter listen;
NAME TYPE VALUE
----------------- ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks string （这个位置不能配置scan ip,试了不可行，本来想通过scan ip配置tns）
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node2-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener string rac-scan:1521
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> show parameter listen;
NAME TYPE VALUE
----------------- ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks string
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener string rac-scan:1521
可通过下面语句修改参数：
alter system set local_listener = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1-vip)(PORT=1521))))' scope=both sid='RACDB1';
alter system register;
tns:
第一种：
rac =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = RACDB)
)
)
这种情况，连接的实例挂掉，会断开重新连接另一个实例。
第二种：
TAF（Transparent Application Failover）:
11g文档位置:Database Administration->Network Management->Local Naming Parameters(tnsname.ora)->
搜索retries ->Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide
Basic:
rac=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))
)
(LOAD_BALANCE = on)
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=RACDB)
(FAILOVER_MODE=
(TYPE=select) –有session 和select （select 查询1w条，返回1k后挂掉，重新连接返回9k，session重新查询）两种
(METHOD=basic)
(RETRIES=20)
(DELAY=15)
)
)
)
--如果连接的实例挂掉，重新建立连接,不会先断开。
Preconnect:
rac1=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=
(PROTOCOL=tcp)
(HOST=192.168.56.201)
(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=RACDB)
(INSTANCE_NAME=RACDB1)
(FAILOVER_MODE=
(BACKUP=rac2)
(TYPE=select)
(METHOD=preconnect))))
rac2=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=
(PROTOCOL=tcp)
(HOST=192.168.56.201)
(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=RACDB)
(INSTANCE_NAME=sales2)
(FAILOVER_MODE=
(BACKUP=RACDB2)
(TYPE=select)
(METHOD=preconnect))))
--切换快，但是浪费资源.先建立连接。
以上的方式为客户端，下面的方式为服务端。
第三种：
创建服务（oracle用户）
srvctl add service –d RACDB –s HAHA –r ‘RACDB2,RACDB1’ –P basic
启动服务
srvctl start service –d RACDB –s HAHA
show parameter service;服务名为HAHA不是RACDB.
通过函数修改
begin
dbms_service.modify_service(service_name => 'HAHA',
failover_method => 'dbms_service.failover_method_basic',
failover_type => 'dbms_service.failover_type_select',
failover_retries => 180,
failover_delay => 5);
end;
查看服务进程：crs_stat -t 列表中有没有HAHA的进程
客户端配置tns
rac-taf =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = HAHA)
)
)
srvctl:
srvctl status database –d RACDB
srvctl status instance –d RACDB –i RACDB1
srvctl stop instance –d RACDB –I RACDB2