如何使用Python3读和写INI文件?

I need to read, write and create an INI file with Python3.

我需要用Python3读、写和创建一个INI文件。

FILE.INI

FILE.INI

default_path = "/path/name/"default_file = "file.txt"

Python File:

Python文件:

#    read file and if not existsini = iniFile( 'FILE.INI' )#    Get and Print Config Line "default_path"getLine = ini.default_path#    Print (string)/path/nameprint getLine#    Append new line and if exists edit this lineini.append( 'default_path' , 'var/shared/' )ini.append( 'default_message' , 'Hey! help me!!' )

UPDATE FILE.INI

更新FILE.INI

default_path    = "var/shared/"default_file    = "file.txt"default_message = "Hey! help me!!"

5 个解决方案

#1

This can be something to start with:

这可以从以下几个方面开始:

import configparserconfig = configparser.ConfigParser()config.read('FILE.INI')print(config['DEFAULT']['path'])     # -> "/path/name/"config['DEFAULT']['path'] = '/var/shared/'    # updateconfig['DEFAULT']['default_message'] = 'Hey! help me!!'   # createwith open('FILE.INI', 'w') as configfile:    # save    config.write(configfile)

You can find more at the official configparser documentation.

您可以在官方的configparser文档中找到更多信息。

#2

Here's a complete read, update and write example.

这里有一个完整的读、更新和写示例。

Input file, test.ini

输入文件,test.ini

[section_a]string_val = hellobool_val = falseint_val = 11pi_val = 3.14

Working code.

工作代码。

try:    from configparser import ConfigParserexcept ImportError:    from ConfigParser import ConfigParser  # ver. < 3.0# instantiateconfig = ConfigParser()# parse existing fileconfig.read('test.ini')# read values from a sectionstring_val = config.get('section_a', 'string_val')bool_val = config.getboolean('section_a', 'bool_val')int_val = config.getint('section_a', 'int_val')float_val = config.getfloat('section_a', 'pi_val')# update existing valueconfig.set('section_a', 'string_val', 'world')# add a new section and some valuesconfig.add_section('section_b')config.set('section_b', 'meal_val', 'spam')config.set('section_b', 'not_found_val', 404)# save to a filewith open('test_update.ini', 'w') as configfile:    config.write(configfile)

Output file, test_update.ini

输出文件,test_update.ini

[section_a]string_val = worldbool_val = falseint_val = 11pi_val = 3.14[section_b]meal_val = spamnot_found_val = 404

The original input file remains untouched.

原始输入文件保持原样。

#3

http://docs.python.org/library/configparser.html

Python's standard library might be helpful in this case.

在这种情况下，Python的标准库可能会有帮助。

#4

The standard ConfigParser normally requires access via config['section_name']['key'], which is no fun. A little modification can deliver attribute access:

标准的ConfigParser通常要求通过config['section_name']['key']进行访问，这一点都不好玩。稍微修改一下就可以实现属性访问:

class AttrDict(dict):    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):        super(AttrDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)        self.__dict__ = self

AttrDict is a class derived from dict which allows access via both dictionary keys and attribute access: that means a.x is a['x']

AttrDict是一个派生自dict类型的类，它允许通过字典键和属性访问:即a。x是一个[' x ']

We can use this class in ConfigParser:

我们可以在ConfigParser中使用这个类:

config = configparser.ConfigParser(dict_type=AttrDict)config.read('application.ini')

and now we get application.ini with:

现在我们有了应用。ini:

[general]key = value

作为

>>> config._sections.general.key'value'

#5

ConfigObj is a good alternative to ConfigParser which offers a lot more flexibility:

ConfigObj是ConfigParser的一个很好的替代选择，它提供了更多的灵活性:

Nested sections (subsections), to any level
嵌套节(子节)，任何级别
List values
列表值
Multiple line values
多个线值
String interpolation (substitution)
字符串插值(替换)
Integrated with a powerful validation system including automatic type checking/conversion repeated sections and allowing default values
集成了一个强大的验证系统，包括自动类型检查/转换重复部分和允许默认值
When writing out config files, ConfigObj preserves all comments and the order of members and sections
在编写配置文件时，ConfigObj保留所有注释和成员和部分的顺序。
Many useful methods and options for working with configuration files (like the 'reload' method)
使用配置文件的许多有用的方法和选项(比如“reload”方法)
Full Unicode support
完整的Unicode支持

It has some draw backs:

它有一些不足之处:

You cannot set the delimiter, it has to be =… (pull request)
不能设置分隔符，它必须是=…(拉请求)
You cannot have empty values, well you can but they look liked: fuabr = instead of just fubar which looks weird and wrong.
你不可能有空值，你可以，但是它们看起来像:fuabr =而不是fubar，看起来很奇怪而且错误。

#1