1. 拒绝
refuse; reject; turn down; decline; abnegation;repudiate 都包含拒绝的含义。
常用的几个有refuse; reject; turn down; 而decline常用作表示下降的意思，deny表示否定的意思。
1.1 refuse
refuse 一般接to do sth. 或者说拒绝某人
1.1.1 to say that you will not do sth that sb has asked you to do 拒绝；回绝
[单独使用的动词]
Go on, ask her; she can hardly refuse.
去吧，去求她，她不大会拒绝。
[动词 + 带to的不定式]
He flatly refused to discuss the matter.
他断然拒绝商讨这件事。
She refused to accept that there was a problem.
她拒不承认有问题存在。
1.1.2 [动词 + 名词短语] to say that you do not want sth that has been offered to you 推却；回绝
同义词：turn down
I politely refused their invitation.
我礼貌地回绝了他们的邀请。
The job offer was simply too good to refuse.
这个工作机会太好了，无法拒绝。
1.1.3 [动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语] to say that you will not give sb sth that they want or need 拒绝给（所需之物）
同义词：deny
They refused him a visa.
他们拒绝给他签证。
She would never refuse her kids anything.
她对孩子百依百顺。
1.2 turn down
turn down 一般是拒绝提议，建议或服务。
1.2.1 turn sb/sth down
to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it 拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）
Why did she turn down your invitation?
她为什么谢绝你的邀请？
He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.
他迄今申请了十份工作都遭到拒绝。
He asked her to marry him but she turned him down.
他请求她嫁给他，但是她回绝了。
1.2.2 turn sth down
to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小Please turn the volume down.
请把音量调低些。
He turned the lights down low.
他把灯光调得暗了一些。
1.2.3 turn sth upside down
<1>to make a place untidy when looking for sth 把…翻得乱七八糟；使凌乱不堪
The police turned the whole house upside down looking for clues.
警察为查找线索把整所房子翻得乱七八糟。
<2>to cause large changes and confusion in a person's life 给（某人生活）造成大的变化（或混乱）
His sudden death turned her world upside down.
他的遽然离世使她的生活完全乱套了。
1.3 deny
deny 否定，否认，拒绝，拒绝承认;
1.3.1 to say that sth is not true 否认；否定
[动词 + 名词短语]to deny a claim/a charge/an accusation
否认某种说法 / 指控 / 指责
The spokesman refused either to confirm or deny the reports.
发言人对那些报道不置可否。
There's no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认，如果行动快一点，本来是救得了他们的。
[动词 + -ing短语]
He denies attempting to murder his wife.
他否认企图谋杀妻子。
[动词 (+ that从句)]
She denied (that) there had been any cover-up.
她否认有任何隐瞒。
[动词 + 名词短语 + that从句]
It can't be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.
无可否认，我们必须投入更多的资源来解决这个问题。
1.3.2 [动词 + 名词短语] to refuse to admit or accept sth 拒绝承认；拒绝接受
She denied all knowledge of the incident.她矢口否认知晓此事的任何情况。
The department denies responsibility for what occurred.
这个部门拒绝为所发生的事承担责任。
1.3.3 ~ sth (to sb) | ~ (sb) (sth) (formal) to refuse to allow sb to have sth that they want or ask for 拒绝；拒绝给予
[动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语, 动词 + 名词短语]They were denied access to the information.
他们试图取得这个情报被拒。
Access to the information was denied to them.
他们无法得到这个情报。
1.3.4 [动词 + 名词短语] ~ yourself (sth) (formal) to refuse to let yourself have sth that you would like to have, especially for moral or religious reasons （尤因道德或宗教原因）节制，克制，戒绝
1.4 reject
reject 拒绝接收，拒绝考虑或同意
1.4.1 to refuse to accept or consider sth 拒绝接受；不予考虑
to reject an argument/a claim/a decision/an offer/a suggestion拒绝接受一个论点 / 一项要求 / 一个决定 / 一项提议 / 一个建议
The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
首相对任何改革*的想法都不予考虑。
The proposal was firmly rejected .
这项提议被断然否决。
All our suggestions were rejected out of hand .
我们所有的建议都被一口拒绝了。
1.4.2 to refuse to accept sb for a job, position, etc. 拒收；不录用；拒绝接纳
Please reject the following candidates…请排除以下候选人…
I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to.
所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。
1.4.3 to decide not to use, sell, publish, etc. sth because its quality is not good enough （因质量差）不用，不出售，不出版
Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control.我们严把质量关，有问题的文章都被退回。
1.4.4 (of the body 身体) to not accept a new organ after a transplant operation, by producing substances that attack the organ 排斥，排异（移植的器官）
1.4.5 to fail to give a person or an animal enough care or affection 不够关心；慢待
The lioness rejected the smallest cub, which died.母狮排斥最小的幼狮，把它饿死了。
When her husband left home she felt rejected and useless.
丈夫离家后，她觉得遭到了抛弃而且无能为力。
1.5 decline
decline vt&vi 谢绝，婉拒 n. 下降; （力量、健康、品格、权力、价值等的）衰退; 下倾; （人、生命等的）衰退期;
We managed to decline gracefully.
我们设法婉拒了。
1.6 abnegation
<正>自我克制; 放弃; 抛弃; （对子女等的）拒绝承认;
[不可数名词](formal) the act of not allowing yourself to have sth that you want; the act of rejecting sth 克制；自制；拒绝；放弃
1.7 repudiate
（正式地）否认; 拒绝接受; 拒绝与…往来; 拒不履行（法律义务）;
[动词 + 名词短语](formal)
1.7.1 to refuse to accept sth 拒绝；不接受；回绝
同义词：rejectto repudiate a suggestion
拒绝一项建议
1.7.2 to say officially and/or publicly that sth is not true （正式地）否认，驳斥
同义词：denyto repudiate a report
驳斥一份报告
1.7.3 (old-fashioned) to refuse to be connected with sb any longer 拒绝与…往来；断绝同…的关系
同义词：disownHe repudiated his first wife and married her sister.
他和第一个妻子离了婚，又娶了她的妹妹。
法律上—驳回请求的几种说法：
- denial of a motion
- deny a motion
- dismiss a motion
- dismissal of a motion
2. 杂交，混种
2.1 hybrid
adj 混合的，杂种的 n杂种
英文解释：an animal or plant that is produced from two animals or plants of differents kinds。
指的是动物或植物跨物种的杂交后的杂种。
In 1964, Yuan Longping started his research of hybrid rice.
1964年, 袁隆平开始致力于杂交水稻的研究.
A mule is a hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse.
骡子是公驴和母马交配而生的杂种动物。
2.2 mestizo
n. 混血儿;
指的是人。
We are one single mestizo race from Mexico to the Magellan Straits.
从墨西哥到麦哲伦海峡我们是一个单独的混血种族.
3.关门
close thedoor与slam the door都有关门的意思
slam带有情感色彩以及隐喻。vt. 砰地关上（门或窗）; 猛烈抨击; 使劲一推; 猛劲一摔; vi. 砰然关上; 猛力打击，碰撞; 撞到了一辆卡车上; n. 猛然关闭的声音; 猛击;
the death of “El Comandante” has added to worries among Cubans that U.S. President-elect Donald Trump will slam the door shut on nascent trade and travel ties, undoing two years of detente with the United States under Obama.
随着“指挥官同志”的离去，古巴人反而愈加担心，美国当选总统特朗普会切断古美刚刚兴起的贸易和旅游关系，让奥巴马持续了两年的缓解两国关系的努力毁于一旦。
博客发表时间：2016-11-28 22:30
最后修改时间：2016年11月29日09:17:26
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