// File Name : URLDemo.java import java.net.*;
import java.io.*; public class URLDemo
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
try
{
URL url = new URL("http://www.amrood.com/index.htm?language=en#j2se"); System.out.println("URL is " + url.toString());
System.out.println("protocol is " + url.getProtocol());
System.out.println("authority is " + url.getAuthority());
System.out.println("file name is " + url.getFile());
System.out.println("host is " + url.getHost());
System.out.println("path is " + url.getPath());
System.out.println("port is " + url.getPort());
System.out.println("default port is " + url.getDefaultPort());
System.out.println("query is " + url.getQuery());
System.out.println("ref is " + url.getRef());
}catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出：
URL is http://www.amrood.com/index.htm?language=en#j2se
protocol is http
authority is www.amrood.com
file name is /index.htm?language=en
host is www.amrood.com
path is /index.htm
port is -1
default port is 80
query is language=en
ref is j2se
java 访问url
// File Name : URLConnDemo.java import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class URLConnDemo
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
try
{
URL url = new URL("http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_url_processing.htm");
URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
if(urlConnection instanceof HttpURLConnection)
{
connection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection;
}
else
{
System.out.println("Please enter an HTTP URL.");
return;
}
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String urlString = "";
String current;
while((current = in.readLine()) != null)
{
urlString += current;
}
System.out.println(urlString);
}catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出：
<!DOCTYPE html><!--[if IE 8]><html class="ie ie8"> <![endif]--><!--[if IE 9]><html class="ie ie9"> <![endif]--><!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html> <!--<![endif]--><head><!-- Basic --><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Java - URL Processing</title><meta name="description" content="Java URL Processing - Learning Java in simple and easy steps : A beginner's tutorial containing complete knowledge of Java Syntax Object Oriented Language, Methods, Overriding, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces, Packages, Collections, Networking, Multithreading, Generics, Multimedia, Serialization, GUI." /><meta name="keywords" content="Java, Tutorials, Learning, Beginners, Basics, Object Oriented Language, Methods, Overriding, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces, Packages, Collections, Networking, Multithreading, Generics, Multimedia, Serialization, GUI." /><base href="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /><meta name="viewport" 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Examples</a></li></ul><ul class="nav nav-list primary push-bottom left-menu special"><li class="sreading">Selected Reading</li><li><a target="_top" href="/developers_best_practices/index.htm">Developer's Best Practices</a></li><li><a target="_top" href="/questions_and_answers.htm">Questions and Answers</a></li><li><a target="_top" href="/effective_resume_writing.htm">Effective Resume Writing</a></li><li><a target="_top" href="/hr_interview_questions/index.htm">HR Interview Questions</a></li><li><a target="_top" href="/computer_glossary.htm">Computer Glossary</a></li><li><a target="_top" href="/computer_whoiswho.htm">Who is Who</a></li></ul></aside></div><!-- PRINTING STARTS HERE --><div class="row"><div class="content"><div class="col-md-7 middle-col"><h1>Java - URL Processing</h1><div class="topgooglead"><hr /><div style="padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:10px;">Advertisements</div><script type="text/javascript"><!--google_ad_client = "pub-7133395778201029";google_ad_width = 468;google_ad_height = 60;google_ad_format = "468x60_as";google_ad_type = "image";google_ad_channel = "";//--></script><script type="text/javascript"src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script></div><hr /><div class="pre-btn"><a href="/java/java_networking.htm"><i class="icon icon-arrow-circle-o-left big-font"></i> Previous Page</a></div><div class="nxt-btn"><a href="/java/java_networking.htm">Next Page <i class="icon icon-arrow-circle-o-right big-font"></i> </a></div><div class="clearer"></div><hr /><p>URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and represents a resource on the World Wide Web, such as a Web page or FTP directory.</p><p>This section shows you how to write Java programs that communicate with a URL. A URL can be broken down into parts, as follows:</p><pre class="prettyprint notranslate">protocol://host:port/path?query#ref</pre><p>Examples of protocols include HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and File. The path is also referred to as the filename, and the host is also called theauthority.</p><p>The following is a URL to a Web page whose protocol is HTTP:</p><pre class="prettyprint notranslate">http://www.amrood.com/index.htm?language=en#j2se</pre><p>Notice that this URL does not specify a port, in which case the default port for the protocol is used. With HTTP, the default port is 80.</p><h2>URL Class Methods:</h2><p>The <b>java.net.URL</b> class represents a URL and has complete set of methods to manipulate URL in Java.</p><p>The URL class has several constructors for creating URLs, including the following:</p><table class="table table-bordered"><tr><th>SN</th><th>Methods with Description</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><b>public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file) throws MalformedURLException.</b><br />Creates a URL by putting together thegiven parts.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><b>public URL(String protocol, String host, String file) throws MalformedURLException</b><br />Identical to the previous constructor, except that the default port for the given protocol is used.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><b>public URL(String url) throws MalformedURLException</b><br />Creates a URL from the given String</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><b>public URL(URL context, String url) throws MalformedURLException</b><br />Creates a URL by parsing the together the URL and String arguments</td></tr></table><p>The URL class contains many methods for accessing the various parts of the URL being represented. Some of the methods in the URL class include the following:</p><table class="table table-bordered"><tr><th>SN</th><th>Methods with Description</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><b>public String getPath()</b><br />Returns the path of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><b>public String getQuery()</b><br />Returns the query part of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><b>public String getAuthority()</b><br />Returns the authority of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><b>public int getPort()</b><br />Returns the port of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><b>public int getDefaultPort()</b><br />Returns the default port for the protocol of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><b>public String getProtocol()</b><br />Returns the protocol of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><b>public String getHost()</b><br />Returns the host of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><b>public String getHost()</b><br />Returns the host of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><b>public String getFile()</b><br />Returns the filename of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><b>public String getRef()</b><br />Returns the reference part of the URL.</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><b>public URLConnection openConnection() throws IOException</b><br />Opens a connection to the URL, allowing a client to communicate with the resource.</td></tr></table><h2>Example:</h2><p>The following URLDemo program demonstrates the various parts of a URL. A URL is entered on the command line, and the URLDemo program outputs each part of the given URL.</p><pre class="prettyprint notranslate tryit">// File Name : URLDemo.javaimport java.net.*;import java.io.*;public class URLDemo{ public static void main(String [] args) { try { URL url = new URL("http://www.amrood.com/index.htm?language=en#j2se"); System.out.println("URL is " + url.toString()); System.out.println("protocol is " + url.getProtocol()); System.out.println("authority is " + url.getAuthority()); System.out.println("file name is " + url.getFile()); System.out.println("host is " + url.getHost()); System.out.println("path is " + url.getPath()); System.out.println("port is " + url.getPort()); System.out.println("default port is " + url.getDefaultPort()); System.out.println("query is " + url.getQuery()); System.out.println("ref is " + url.getRef()); }catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}</pre><p>A sample run of the this program would produce the following result:</p><pre class="result notranslate">URL is http://www.amrood.com/index.htm?language=en#j2seprotocol is httpauthority is www.amrood.comfile name is /index.htm?language=enhost is www.amrood.compath is /index.htmport is -1default port is 80query is language=enref is j2se</pre><h2>URLConnections Class Methods:</h2><p>The openConnection() method returns a <b>java.net.URLConnection</b>, an abstract class whose subclasses represent the various types of URL connections.</p><p>For example:</p><ul class="list"><li><p>If you connect to a URL whose protocol is HTTP, the openConnection() method returns an HttpURLConnection object.</p></li><li><p>If you connect to a URL that represents a JAR file, the openConnection() method returns a JarURLConnection object.</p></li><li><p>etc...</p></li></ul><p>The URLConnection class has many methods for setting or determining information about the connection, including the following:</p><table class="table table-bordered"><tr><th>SN</th><th>Methods with Description</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><b>Object getContent() </b><br />Retrieves the contents of this URL connection.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><b>Object getContent(Class[] classes) </b><br />Retrieves the contents of this URL connection.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><b>String getContentEncoding() </b><br /> Returns the value of the content-encoding header field.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><b>int getContentLength() </b><br />Returns the value of the content-length header field.</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><b>String getContentType() </b><br />Returns the value of the content-type header field.</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><b>int getLastModified() </b><br />Returns the value of the last-modified header field.</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><b>long getExpiration() </b><br />Returns the value of the expires header field.</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><b>long getIfModifiedSince() </b><br />Returns the value of this object's ifModifiedSince field.</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><b>public void setDoInput(boolean input)</b><br />Passes in true to denote that the connection will be used for input. The default value is true becauseclients typically read from a URLConnection.</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><b>public void setDoOutput(boolean output)</b><br />Passes in true to denote that the connection will be used for output. The default value is false because many types of URLs do not support being written to.</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><b>public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException</b><br />Returns the input stream of the URL connection for reading from the resource.</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><b>public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException</b><br />Returns the output stream of the URL connection for writing to the resource</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><b>public URL getURL()</b><br />Returns the URL that this URLConnection object is connected to</td></tr></table><h2>Example:</h2><p>The following URLConnectionDemo program connects to a URL entered from the command line.</p><p>If the URL represents an HTTP resource, the connection is cast to HttpURLConnection, and the data in the resource is read one line at a time.</p><pre class="prettyprint notranslate tryit">// File Name : URLConnDemo.javaimport java.net.*;import java.io.*;public class URLConnDemo{ public static void main(String [] args) { try { URL url = new URL("http://www.amrood.com"); URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection(); HttpURLConnection connection = null; if(urlConnection instanceof HttpURLConnection) { connection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection; } else { System.out.println("Please enter an HTTP URL."); return; } BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream())); String urlString = ""; String current; while((current = in.readLine()) != null) { urlString += current; } System.out.println(urlString); }catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}</pre><p>A sample run of the this program would produce the following result:</p><pre class="result notranslate">$ java URLConnDemo.....a complete HTML content of home page of amrood.com.....</pre><hr /><div class="pre-btn"><a href="/java/java_networking.htm"><i class="icon icon-arrow-circle-o-left big-font"></i> Previous Page</a></div><div class="print-btn center"><a href="/cgi-bin/printpage.cgi" target="_blank"><i class="icon icon-print big-font"></i> Print</a></div><div class="pdf-btn"><a href="/java/pdf/java_url_processing.pdf" title="Java - URL Processing" target="_blank"><i class="icon icon-file-pdf-o big-font"></i> PDF</a></div><div class="nxt-btn"><a href="/java/java_networking.htm">Next Page <i class="icon icon-arrow-circle-o-right big-font"></i> </a></div><div class="parent-file">java_networking.htm</div><hr /><!-- PRINTING ENDS HERE --><div class="bottomgooglead"><div class="bottomadtag">Advertisements</div><script type="text/javascript"><!--var width = 580;var height = 400;var format = "580x400_as";if( window.innerWidth < 468 ){ width = 300; 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