Android进阶之路 - BroadcaseReceiver（自定义广播、有序广播、无序广播、广播拦截、动态注册、静态注册）的详细使用方式

时间：2022-11-09 15:24:35

众所周知BroadcaseReceiver为Android中的四大组件之一，又名为广播、喇叭，这篇我为大家带来的就是BroadcaseReceiver的详细使用方式，说到使用其中又有些许不同，下面为大家进行讲解

广播分为俩种俩式：

1.有序广播（可拦截）
2.无序广播（不可拦截）

1.动态注册（代码注册）
2.静态注册（清单注册）

使用方式与注意点：

1.使用BroadcaseReceiver首先要创建一个类继承BroadcaseReceiver，重写onReceiver方法（接收到广播的操作在这里执行）
2.在所依赖的Activity等寄生体之中发送广播（分有序和无序想，下文都有介绍）
3.作为Android下的四大组件之一，必不可少的自然是清单注册
4.文中我并没有监听系统的一些广播，如开机，上网之类，均是为了方便自己定义的，有兴趣的可以举一反三进行广播处理

1.MainActivity主代码与各个接收者代码
2.MainActivity的Xml代码
3.清单文件（主要用于观察注册与优先级的处理）

MainActivity的代码：

package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

private TextView mCostomBroad;
private TextView mLocalBroad;
private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcast;
private TextView mDynamicBroad;
private TextView mStaticBroad;
private TextView mQuickBroad;
private IntentFilter dynamic_filter;
private DynamicBroadcaseReceiver dynamicBroadcaseReceiver;
private LocalBroadcaseReceiver localBroadcaseReceiver;
private TextView mQucly;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 事件
        init();
// 处理
        initEvent();
/**这里要注意注册是注册，发送广播是发送广播，是前后关系，而不可混为一谈*/
// 获取本地管理者
        localBroadcast = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
//动态注册-都是一个套路
        IntentFilter localFilter = new IntentFilter();
        localFilter.addAction("LocalBroadcaseReceiver");
        localBroadcaseReceiver = new LocalBroadcaseReceiver();
        localBroadcast.registerReceiver(localBroadcaseReceiver, localFilter);
    }

/**
 * 放置find-Id
 * */
private void init() {
        mLocalBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_local);
        mCostomBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_costom);
        mDynamicBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_dynamic);
        mStaticBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_static);
        mQuickBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_quick);
    }

/**
 * 设置Click
 * */
private void initEvent() {
        mCostomBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
        mLocalBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
        mDynamicBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
        mStaticBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
        mQuickBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

/**
 * Event处理
 * */
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
// 自定义广播
case R.id.Broadcase_costom:
            Intent intent = new Intent("CostomBroadcaseReceiver");
            sendBroadcast(intent);
break;
// 动态註冊广播
case R.id.Broadcase_dynamic:
//和清单文件格式对应，这里是添加广播的过滤
            dynamic_filter = new IntentFilter();
//添加动作= 设置广播
            dynamic_filter.addAction("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
//注册广播-确定监听者与广播
            dynamicBroadcaseReceiver = new DynamicBroadcaseReceiver();
            registerReceiver(dynamicBroadcaseReceiver, dynamic_filter);
//Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "动态注册广播", 0).show();
            Intent DynamicIntent = new Intent("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
            sendBroadcast(DynamicIntent);
break;
// 静态靜態广播-有序广播
case R.id.Broadcase_static:
            Intent Staticintent = new Intent("StaticBroadcaseReceiver");
//一般情况的使用这种方式就是标准方式，也就是无序广播
//sendBroadcast(Staticintent);
//这样就是有序的广播了 （注意：方法不同），我们可以对其做处理，如拦截之类，
            sendOrderedBroadcast(Staticintent, null);
break;
// 本地广播
case R.id.Broadcase_local:
            Intent localIntent = new Intent("LocalBroadcaseReceiver");
            localBroadcast.sendBroadcast(localIntent);
break;
//优先级的测试-这里我们选择静态注册，也就是直接在清单注册-设置priority
//经过测试很明显拦截广播是建立在有序广播的基础上面，同时拦截广播后只显示静态注册的Toask，而不是优先级的Toask
case R.id.Broadcase_quick:
            Intent quickintent = new Intent("StaticBroadcaseReceiver");
            quickintent.setAction("QuickBroadcaseReceiver");
            sendOrderedBroadcast(quickintent, null);
break;
default:
break;
        }
    }

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//注销广播-因为不是本地广播的话，会有数据隐患的，好比你已经关了APP但是还是一直发广播或者接收广播，系统会自己操作，所以极为不安全，
//so if dynamicbRoadcaseReceiver ，we need shell all；(- -!)
        unregisterReceiver(dynamicBroadcaseReceiver);
        unregisterReceiver(localBroadcaseReceiver);
    }
}

以下Recevice方法均只是一个简单的Toask
CostomBroadcaseReceiver的代码（自定义广播）：

package com.example.broadcasereceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * 自定义广播
 * */
public class CostomBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "自定义广播触发", 0).show();
    }
}

DynamicBroadcaseReceiver的代码（动态注册）：

package com.example.broadcasereceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * 自定义广播
 * */
public class DynamicBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "动态注册广播触发", 0).show();
    }
}

LocalBroadcaseReceiver的代码（本地广播）：

package com.example.broadcasereceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * 自定义广播
 * */
public class LocalBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "本地自定义广播触发", 0).show();
    }
}

StaticBroadcaseReceiver的代码（静态注册）：

package com.example.broadcasereceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * 自定义广播
 * */
public class StaticBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "静态广播广播触发", 0).show();
    }
}

QuickBroadcaseReceiver（优先级的广播接收者，做了拦截处理，静态广播被拦截，只能接收到优先级的广播）的代码：

package com.example.broadcasereceiver;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class QuickBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "优先级的测试广播触发", 0).show();
            abortBroadcast();
    }
}

MainActivity的Xml代码：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/Broadcase_costom"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="@string/CostomBroadcase" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/Broadcase_dynamic"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="@string/DynamicBroadcase" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/Broadcase_static"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="@string/StaticBroadcase" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/Broadcase_local"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="@string/LocalBroadcase" />
     <TextView
        android:id="@+id/Broadcase_quick"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="优先级测试" />

</LinearLayout>

清单文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.broadcasereceiver"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >

<uses-sdk
 android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

<application
 android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
 android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!-- 自定义广播 -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.CostomBroadcaseReceiver" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="CostomBroadcaseReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<!-- 静态注册 -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.StaticBroadcaseReceiver"
 >
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="StaticBroadcaseReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

<!-- 优先级测试 -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.QuickBroadcaseReceiver"
 >
<intent-filter android:priority="100" >
<action android:name="QuickBroadcaseReceiver"/>
<action android:name="StaticBroadcaseReceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

</application>

</manifest>
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