python切片操作

时间:2022-05-29 12:38:06

序列类型是其元素被顺序放置的一种数据结构类型,这种方式允许通过下标的方式来获得某一个数据元素,或者通过指定下标范围来获得一组序列的元素。这种访问序列的方式叫做切片。字符串也可以使用切片操作。切片操作符:[]  [:]  [::],调用内置函数slice()函数。

以字符串'abcdefg'为例:

s

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

index

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

index

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

一、sequence[index]

类似于其他语言的数组操作。sequence是序列的名字,index是想要访问的元素对应的偏移量。偏移量正负都可以,-len(sequence)<=index<=len(sequence)-1。正索引以序列的开始为起点,负索引以序列的结束为起点。

试图访问一个越界的索引会引发一个IndexError异常。

二、sequence[starting_index:ending_index]

通过这种方式可以得到从起始索引到结束索引(不包括结束索引所对应的元素)之间的元素,起始索引和结束索引都是可选的,如果没有提供或者用None作为索引值,切片操作会从序列的最开始处开始,或者直到序列的最末尾结束。其中,开始和结束的索引值可以超出字符串长度,如:s[-100:100],返回'abcdefg'.

用一个:时,starting_index应该小于ending_index,否则返回空字符串。

 # 返回整个序列,即 'abcdefg'
s
s[:] # 返回 'abc'
s[0:3]
s[:3] # 返回 'cde'
s[2:5]
s[:5] # 返回 'def'
s[-4:-1]

三、sequence[starting_index:ending_index:step]

扩展切片操作,step为步长参数,类似range()里的步长参数。

得到的序列从starting_index(包含starting_index)开始,每次以步长前进,即starting_index + step,直到ending_index结束。

执行:

 # 返回 'fedc'
s = 'abcdefg'
s[-2:-6:-1]

(1) starting_index = -2  ending_index = -6   step = -1

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(2) 第一个读sequence[-2],即 'f',第二个读starting_index + step,即 -2+(-1)=-3,sequence[-3],也就是 'e'。

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alt="" width="657" height="110" />

(3) 按这个顺序继续读,不包括ending_index,即'b',所以s[-2:-6:-1]返回 'fedc'。

同理,输出s[2:5:2],返回 'ce'。

有一个经常用到的应用:翻转字符串

# 输出 'gfedcba'
1 s =s'abcdefg'
print s[::-1]