R：如何在R 3.2.1中使用晶格并行化多面板绘图？

I am new to R programming and wanted to know how to run in parallel plot on 12 trellis objects made with latticepackage.

我是R编程的新手，想知道如何在使用gridpackage制作的12个格子对象上并行绘图。

Basically, after a lot of pre-processing steps, I have the following commands:

基本上，经过大量的预处理步骤后，我有以下命令：

plot(adhd_plot, split = c(1,1,4,3)) #plot adhd trellis object at 1,1 in a grid of 4 by 3 i.e 4 COLUMNS x 3 ROWS
plot(bpd_plot, split = c(2,1,4,3), newpage = F) #plot bpd trellis object in 2nd Column in a grid of 4colx3row
plot(bmi_plot, split = c(3,1,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(dbp_plot, split = c(4,1,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(height_plot, split = c(1,2,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(hdl_plot, split = c(2,2,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(ldl_plot, split = c(3,2,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(ra_plot, split = c(4,2,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(sbp_plot, split = c(1,3,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(scz_plot, split = c(2,3,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(tc_plot, split = c(3,3,4,3), newpage = F) 
plot(tg_plot, split = c(4,3,4,3), newpage = F)

The issue is that while the above commands work, they take really long (>4hrs) on Mac OSX to produce a figure like the following :

问题是，虽然上述命令有效，但在Mac OSX上需要很长时间（> 4小时）来生成如下图：

Since my Mac has 8 cores, I thought I should try to split up the plot command across the different cores so as to speed up the plotting.

由于我的Mac有8个核心，我想我应该尝试在不同的核心上拆分绘图命令，以加快绘图速度。

After searching across other parallelization questions, I found the doParallelpackage and thought I could potentially implement the parLapplyfunction in it like as follows:

在搜索其他并行化问题后，我找到了doParallelpackage，并认为我可以在其中实现parLapplyfunction，如下所示：

library(doParallel)
detectCores()
cl <- makeCluster(6) #6 out of 8 cores
registerdoParallel(cl)
parLapply(cl, list_of_all_trellis_objects, plot)

However, I am not sure how to use the split parameter in the above parLapply command to place the plots in different locations on the grid.

但是，我不确定如何在上面的parLapply命令中使用split参数将绘图放在网格上的不同位置。

I necessarily need the 12 plots placed separately and not superimposed, so how to do that?

我一定需要单独放置的12个地块而不是叠加，那么怎么做？

Thank you for going through my query and I look forward to your hints and solutions .

感谢您浏览我的查询，我期待您的提示和解决方案。

1 个解决方案

#1

As suggested in comments, there is no way to write to plotting device in parallel.

正如评论中所建议的那样，没有办法并行写入绘图设备。

Some workarounds to speed up drawing of individual plots:

一些解决方法可以加速绘制单个图：

Reduce the number of points in the QQ plot, see:

减少QQ情节中的点数，请参阅：

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/35220/removing-extraneous-points-near-the-centre-of-a-qq-plot

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/35220/removing-extraneous-points-near-the-centre-of-a-qq-plot
Load data faster by applying these tips:

通过应用以下提示更快地加载数据：

http://cbio.ensmp.fr/~thocking/reading-large-text-files-into-R.html

http://cbio.ensmp.fr/~thocking/reading-large-text-files-into-R.html
You could try to draw/save multiple plots in parallel (where each plot uses methods from point 1 and 2), but writing to disk may cause significant bottleneck.

您可以尝试并行绘制/保存多个绘图（其中每个绘图使用第1点和第2点的方法），但写入磁盘可能会导致严重的瓶颈。

Edit:

编辑：

Here is rough code to draw fast qq-plot:

这是绘制快速qq-plot的粗略代码：

https://github.com/vforget/fastqq

Code below:

代码如下：

find_conf_intervals = function(row){
  i = row[1]
  len = row[2]
  if (i < 10000 | i %% 100 == 0){
    return(c(-log10(qbeta(0.95,i,len-i+1)), -log10(qbeta(0.05,i,len-i+1))))
  } else { # Speed up
    return(c(NA,NA))
  }
}

confidence.intervals <- function(e){
  xspace = 0.078
  print("1")
  ci = apply(cbind( 1:length(e), rep(length(e),length(e))), MARGIN=1, FUN=find_conf_intervals)
  print("2")
  bks = append(seq(10000,length(e),100),length(e)+1)
  print("3")
  for (i in 1:(length(bks)-1)){
    ci[1, bks[i]:(bks[i+1]-1)] = ci[1, bks[i]]
    ci[2, bks[i]:(bks[i+1]-1)] = ci[2, bks[i]]
  }
  colnames(ci) = names(e)
  ## Extrapolate to make plotting prettier (doesn't affect intepretation at data points)
  slopes = c((ci[1,1] - ci[1,2]) / (e[1] - e[2]), (ci[2,1] - ci[2,2]) / (e[1] - e[2]))
  print("4")
  extrap_x = append(e[1]+xspace,e) ## extrapolate slightly for plotting purposes only
  extrap_y = cbind( c(ci[1,1] + slopes[1]*xspace, ci[2,1] + slopes[2]*xspace), ci)
  print("5")
  polygon(c(extrap_x, rev(extrap_x)), c(extrap_y[1,], rev(extrap_y[2,])),
          col = "grey81", border = "grey81")
}

quant.subsample <- function(y, m=100, e=1) {
  ## m: size of a systematic sample
  ## e: number of extreme values at either end to use
  x <- sort(y)
  n <- length(x)
  quants <- (1 + sin(1:m / (m+1) * pi - pi/2))/2
  sort(c(x[1:e], quantile(x, probs=quants), x[(n+1-e):n]))
  ## Returns m + 2*e sorted values from the EDF of y
}

get.points <- function(pv) {
  suppressWarnings(as.numeric(pv))
  names(d) = names(pv)
  d = d[!is.na(d)]
  d = d[d>0 & d<1]
  d = d[order(d,decreasing=F)]
  y = -log10(d)
  x = -log10( ppoints(length(d) ))
  m <- 0.001 * length(x)
  e <- floor(0.0005 * length(x))
  return(list(x=quant.subsample(x, m, e), y=quant.subsample(y, m, e)))
}

fqq <- function(x, y, ...) {
  plot(0,
       col=FALSE,
       xlim=range(x),
       ylim=range(y),
       xlab=expression(Expected~~-log[10](italic(p))),
       ylab=expression(Observed~~-log[10](italic(p))),
       ...)
  abline(0,1,col=2)
  points(x,y, ...)
}

args <- commandArgs(trailingOnly = TRUE)
pv.f = args[1]
qq.f = args[2]
nrows = as.numeric(args[3])
message(Sys.time())
message("READING")
d <- read.table(pv.f, header=TRUE, sep=" ", nrows=nrows, colClasses=c("numeric"))
message(Sys.time())
message("LAMBDA")
chisq <- qchisq(1-d$P_VAL,1)
lambda = median(chisq)/qchisq(0.5,1)
message(Sys.time())
message("PLOTING")
p <- get.points(d$P_VAL)
png(file=qq.f)
fqq(p$x, p$y, main=paste(pv.f, lambda, sep="\n"), cex.axis=1.5, cex.lab=1.5)
dev.off()
message(Sys.time())

#1