Java 集合类 TreeSet、TreeMap

时间:2023-03-09 02:30:39
Java 集合类  TreeSet、TreeMap

TreeMap和TreeSet的异同:

相同点:

  1. TreeMap和TreeSet都是有序的集合,也就是说他们存储的值都是拍好序的。
  • TreeMap和TreeSet都是非同步集合,因此他们不能在多线程之间共享,不过可以使用方法Collections.synchroinzedMap()来实现同步
  • 运行速度都要比Hash集合慢,他们内部对元素的操作时间复杂度为O(logN),而HashMap/HashSet则为O(1)。

不同点:

  1. 最主要的区别就是TreeSet和TreeMap非别实现Set和Map接口
  • TreeSet只存储一个对象,而TreeMap存储两个对象Key和Value(仅仅key对象有序)
  • TreeSet中不能有重复对象,而TreeMap中可以存在

TreeSet的是NavigableSet的实现类,NavigableSet继承了SortedSet接口,SortedSet是Set的子接口;

 1 public class TreeSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E>
2 implements NavigableSet<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
3 {
4   /**
5 * The backing map.
6 */
7   private transient NavigableMap<E,Object> m;
8
9 // Dummy value to associate with an Object in the backing Map
10 private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
11
12   /**
13 * Constructs a set backed by the specified navigable map.
14 */
15 TreeSet(NavigableMap<E,Object> m) {
16 this.m = m;
17 }
18
19 /**
20 * Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the
21 * natural ordering of its elements. All elements inserted into
22 * the set must implement the {@link Comparable} interface.
23 * Furthermore, all such elements must be <i>mutually
24 * comparable</i>: {@code e1.compareTo(e2)} must not throw a
25 * {@code ClassCastException} for any elements {@code e1} and
26 * {@code e2} in the set. If the user attempts to add an element
27 * to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user
28 * attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are
29 * integers), the {@code add} call will throw a
30 * {@code ClassCastException}.
31 */
32 public TreeSet() {
33 this(new TreeMap<E,Object>());
34 }
35   .......
36 }

由上面的TreeSet的源码可以看出,TreeSet的底层实现是通过TreeMap实现的,而TreeMap的底层又是如何实现的呢?

 1   public TreeMap() {
2 comparator = null;
3 }
4
5 public TreeMap(Comparator<? super K> comparator) {
6 this.comparator = comparator;
7 }
8 .....(其他构造方法不一一列举)
9 //这里列举put方法详细讲解
10 public V put(K key, V value) {
11 Entry<K,V> t = root;
12 if (t == null) {
13 compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check
14
15 root = new Entry<>(key, value, null);
16 size = 1;
17 modCount++;
18 return null;
19 }
20 int cmp;
21 Entry<K,V> parent;
22 // split comparator and comparable paths
23 Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
24 if (cpr != null) {
25 do {
26 parent = t;
27 cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key);
28 if (cmp < 0)
29 t = t.left;
30 else if (cmp > 0)
31 t = t.right;
32 else
33 return t.setValue(value);
34 } while (t != null);
35 }
36 else {
37 if (key == null)
38 throw new NullPointerException();
39 Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
40 do {
41 parent = t;
42 cmp = k.compareTo(t.key);
43 if (cmp < 0)
44 t = t.left;
45 else if (cmp > 0)
46 t = t.right;
47 else
48 return t.setValue(value);
49 } while (t != null);
50 }
51 Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, parent);
52 if (cmp < 0)
53 parent.left = e;
54 else
55 parent.right = e;
56 fixAfterInsertion(e);
57 size++;
58 modCount++;
59 return null;
60 }

从上面的TreeMap的两个构造方法和插入方法可以看出当第一次插入时,返回null,插入值不同时返回null;否则返回值不为null;这里需要注意以下几点:

1、创 建TreeSet或者TreeMap时候采用有参构造函数并且参数是Comparator时候,参数必须是Comparator的实现子类;而利用无参构 造函数时,向TreeSet或者TreeMap添加元素是需要特别注意所添加的对象必须是实现了Comparable接口的子类否则会报错(对象类型 cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable),这也是TreeMap的put方法中实现的原因,这是多态的表现,父类对象指向子类引用;

Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;

2、由于TreeSet和TreeMap的底层都是树形结构,而且每一个节点的对象是Entry对象

1         K key;
2 V value;
3 Entry<K,V> left = null;
4 Entry<K,V> right = null;
5 Entry<K,V> parent;

这是Entry的结构,是一个类似链表节点的树形结构;

3、TreeSet和TreeMap的底层都是树形结构是一个二叉查找树,并且是一个红黑平衡树,实现方法:

 fixAfterInsertion(e);