SpringMVC源码情操陶冶-View视图渲染

时间:2023-03-10 00:49:48
SpringMVC源码情操陶冶-View视图渲染

本节简单分析View视图对象的render方法

View接口

最重要的就是render()方法,具体源码如下

	/**
* Render the view given the specified model.
* <p>The first step will be preparing the request: In the JSP case,
* this would mean setting model objects as request attributes.
* The second step will be the actual rendering of the view,
* for example including the JSP via a RequestDispatcher.
* @param model Map with name Strings as keys and corresponding model
* objects as values (Map can also be {@code null} in case of empty model)
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response HTTP response we are building
* @throws Exception if rendering failed
*/
void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception;

下面我们就此接口方法展开分析

AbstractView

直接看源码

	@Override
public void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//综合model、内部属性staticAttributes和request对象中的View.PATH_VARIABLES,都封装在同一个Map集合中
Map<String, Object> mergedModel = createMergedOutputModel(model, request, response);
//为response做准备,默认是针对download请求
prepareResponse(request, response);
//真实处理render操作,供子类实现调用
renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
}

AbstractTemplateView-AbstractView的子类

抽象模板视图,源码如下

	@Override
protected final void renderMergedOutputModel(
Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//判断是否暴露request属性给前端,是则将所有的request属性加到model中
if (this.exposeRequestAttributes) {
for (Enumeration<String> en = request.getAttributeNames(); en.hasMoreElements();) {
String attribute = en.nextElement();
//当不允许request对象中的属性被覆盖且model存在相同key时,会抛异常
if (model.containsKey(attribute) && !this.allowRequestOverride) {
throw new ServletException("Cannot expose request attribute '" + attribute +
"' because of an existing model object of the same name");
}
//允许则直接通过
Object attributeValue = request.getAttribute(attribute); model.put(attribute, attributeValue);
}
}
//等同request
if (this.exposeSessionAttributes) {
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
for (Enumeration<String> en = session.getAttributeNames(); en.hasMoreElements();) {
String attribute = en.nextElement();
if (model.containsKey(attribute) && !this.allowSessionOverride) {
throw new ServletException("Cannot expose session attribute '" + attribute +
"' because of an existing model object of the same name");
}
Object attributeValue = session.getAttribute(attribute);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Exposing session attribute '" + attribute +
"' with value [" + attributeValue + "] to model");
}
model.put(attribute, attributeValue);
}
}
}
//设置SPRING_MACRO_REQUEST_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE属性到model中
if (this.exposeSpringMacroHelpers) {
if (model.containsKey(SPRING_MACRO_REQUEST_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
throw new ServletException(
"Cannot expose bind macro helper '" + SPRING_MACRO_REQUEST_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE +
"' because of an existing model object of the same name");
}
// Expose RequestContext instance for Spring macros.
model.put(SPRING_MACRO_REQUEST_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,
new RequestContext(request, response, getServletContext(), model));
} //设置返回给前端的内容类型,可在ViewResolver中设置contentType属性
applyContentType(response); //抽象方法供子类调用实现
renderMergedTemplateModel(model, request, response);
}

由以上代码分析可得,此类主要是判断是否将request和session的对象中的所有属性添加到Map类型的model对象中

判断条件为:

  1. exposeRequestAttributes设置为true,表明将request中的Attributes属性添加到model中,这样前端可以直接引用request对象中的attribute属性。其默认为false
  2. exposeSessionAttributes设置为true,表明将session中的Attributes属性添加到model中,这样前端可以直接引用session对象中的attribute属性。其默认为false
  3. allowRequestOverride/allowSessionOverride设置为true,表明是否允许request/session对象中的attribute属性覆盖model中的同key键。其默认为false,在出现上述情况则会抛出异常

FreeMakerView-AbstractTemplateView实现类

关于AbstractTemplateView的实现类有很多,本文则选取常用的FreemarkerView来进行简析

FreeMarkerView#initServletContext()-初始化方法

此方法在父类WebApplicationObjectSupport#initApplicationContext()中被调用

	protected void initServletContext(ServletContext servletContext) throws BeansException {
if (getConfiguration() != null) {
this.taglibFactory = new TaglibFactory(servletContext);
}
else {
//查询springmvc上下文中是否存在FreeMarkerConfig接口bean,其一般是通过FreeMarkerConfigurer来注册的
//如果不存在FreeMarkerConfig bean对象则会抛异常
FreeMarkerConfig config = autodetectConfiguration();
setConfiguration(config.getConfiguration());
this.taglibFactory = config.getTaglibFactory();
} //初始servlet对象,其实是创建ServletContextResourceLoader对象,帮助可以获取"/WEB-INF/"下的资源
GenericServlet servlet = new GenericServletAdapter();
try {
servlet.init(new DelegatingServletConfig());
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new BeanInitializationException("Initialization of GenericServlet adapter failed", ex);
}
this.servletContextHashModel = new ServletContextHashModel(servlet, getObjectWrapper());
}

此处主要获取FreeMarkerConfig对象,其一般由FreeMarkerConfigurer对象生成,可指定加载资源的路径和设置输出的一些属性,且这是必须注册到springmvc的bean工厂的

FreeMarkerView#renderMergedTemplateModel()-渲染视图

源码奉上

	protected void renderMergedTemplateModel(
Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//默认为空,待实现
exposeHelpers(model, request);
//启动渲染程序
doRender(model, request, response);
}

FreeMarkerView#doRender()-渲染操作

源码奉上

	protected void doRender(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// 这里其实是将model中的所有属性都注册到request对象中
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);
// Expose all standard FreeMarker hash models.将FreeMarker的属性放到一个Map中
SimpleHash fmModel = buildTemplateModel(model, request, response); //此处的getUrl()由ViewResolver来设定,为prefix+viewName+suffix
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Rendering FreeMarker template [" + getUrl() + "] in FreeMarkerView '" + getBeanName() + "'");
}
// Grab the locale-specific version of the template.
Locale locale = RequestContextUtils.getLocale(request);
//此处的操作比较复杂,需要慢慢分析
processTemplate(getTemplate(locale), fmModel, response);
}

上述的代码具体解析分为两部分:模板对象Template获取和Template对象的处理方法process(),下面将从这两部分进行简单的展开


1.FreeMarkerView#getTemplate()

获取模板对象

	protected Template getTemplate(Locale locale) throws IOException {
//templateName为prefix+viewName+suffix
return getTemplate(getUrl(), locale);
}
	protected Template getTemplate(String name, Locale locale) throws IOException {
//最终是通过FreeMarkerConfigurer的内部属性Configuration来获取模板对象
return (getEncoding() != null ?
getConfiguration().getTemplate(name, locale, getEncoding()) :
getConfiguration().getTemplate(name, locale));
}

此处限于FreeMaker相关类Configuration获取Template模板对象的步骤过于冗长,这里作下总结,具体读者可自行去阅读源码分析

  • 获取Template对象是由TemplateCache来实现的,其是通过prefix+viewName+suffix作为整个文件名去找寻,其中prefix参数值不能以/为开头,这在FreeMarker/Velocity是约定的,而jsp页面引擎InternalView支持/开头的prefix,这点需要区别开来

  • 具体的获取资源文件是通过Configuration指定的templateLoader去加载实际的资源,一般此处的templateLoader为SpringTemplateLoader,支持templateLoaderPath为classpath:搜索


2.FreeMarker#process()

  1. 此处主要是通过获取到的Template对象,对其持有的实际资源进行读取渲染后再重新写入以完成${}这样字符的含义

  2. model中所有的数据都会保留到request的Attributes对象中,所以FreeMarker可直接通过${attribute}获取相应的参数值

小结

  1. ViewResolver帮助我们设置好对应的视图解析器比如FreeMarkerView,包含加载资源的prefix/suffix,以及是否将request/session对象属性绑定到model对象中

  2. 本文则以FreeMarkerView如何解析资源入手,简单的分析其中的操作逻辑,具体的细节读者可自行查询