题目:
Description
The Head Elder of the tropical island of Lagrishan has a problem. A burst of foreign aid money was spent on extra roads between villages some years ago. But the jungle overtakes roads relentlessly, so the large road network is too expensive to maintain. The Council of Elders must choose to stop maintaining some roads. The map above on the left shows all the roads in use now and the cost in aacms per month to maintain them. Of course there needs to be some way to get between all the villages on maintained roads, even if the route is not as short as before. The Chief Elder would like to tell the Council of Elders what would be the smallest amount they could spend in aacms per month to maintain roads that would connect all the villages. The villages are labeled A through I in the maps above. The map on the right shows the roads that could be maintained most cheaply, for 216 aacms per month. Your task is to write a program that will solve such problems.
Input
The input consists of one to 100 data sets, followed by a final line containing only 0. Each data set starts with a line containing only a number n, which is the number of villages, 1 < n < 27, and the villages are labeled with the first n letters of the alphabet, capitalized. Each data set is completed with n-1 lines that start with village labels in alphabetical order. There is no line for the last village. Each line for a village starts with the village label followed by a number, k, of roads from this village to villages with labels later in the alphabet. If k is greater than 0, the line continues with data for each of the k roads. The data for each road is the village label for the other end of the road followed by the monthly maintenance cost in aacms for the road. Maintenance costs will be positive integers less than 100. All data fields in the row are separated by single blanks. The road network will always allow travel between all the villages. The network will never have more than 75 roads. No village will have more than 15 roads going to other villages (before or after in the alphabet). In the sample input below, the first data set goes with the map above.
Output
The output is one integer per line for each data set: the minimum cost in aacms per month to maintain a road system that connect all the villages. Caution: A brute force solution that examines every possible set of roads will not finish within the one minute time limit.
Sample Input
9
A 2 B 12 I 25
B 3 C 10 H 40 I 8
C 2 D 18 G 55
D 1 E 44
E 2 F 60 G 38
F 0
G 1 H 35
H 1 I 35
3
A 2 B 10 C 40
B 1 C 20
0
Sample Output
216
30
题意：
有n个村庄，按字母顺序输入每个村庄的代表字母，其连有k条路，重复的不计。然后输入这k个村庄及这两村庄之间需要的费用。计算最小的费用。
思路：
- 并查集和最小生成树的应用，建立字母和初始化编号间的关系即可解决问题。
代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define MAXN 27
using namespace std; int pre[MAXN]; struct node{
int begin;
int end;
int len;
}s[MAXN * (MAXN - )]; bool cmp(node a, node b)
{
return a.len < b.len;
} void init()
{
for(int i = ; i < MAXN; i++)
{
pre[i] = i;
} } int find(int x)
{
while(x != pre[x])
x = pre[x]; return x;
} int merge(int fx, int fy)
{
if(fx != fy)
{
pre[fx] = fy;
return ;
}
else
return ;
} int kruskal(int cnt)
{
int minlen = ;
sort(s, s + cnt, cmp);
for(int i = ; i < cnt; i++)
{
int fx = find(s[i].begin);
int fy = find(s[i].end);
if(merge(fx, fy))
minlen += s[i].len;
}
return minlen;
} int main()
{
char a, b;
int n, k, w;
while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF)
{
if(n == )
break; init();
int cnt = ;
for(int i = ; i < n-; i++) //n个结点有n-1条路
{
cin >> a >> k;
for(int j= ; j < k; j++)
{
cin >> b >> w;
s[cnt].begin = a - 'A' + ;
s[cnt].end = b - 'A' + ;
s[cnt].len = w;
cnt++;
}
} printf("%d\n", kruskal(cnt));
}
return ;
}
总结：
刚开始用scanf进行输入结果一直没反应超时了，就这样前后又花了好多时间。
- scanf在输入字符类型时容易把空格当作字符读入，总之需要连续输入字符型和整型的话还是避开scanf用cin比较好，因为cin不会出现scanf这样的问题。