.NET中如何自定义配置节点

时间:2023-03-09 05:26:49
.NET中如何自定义配置节点

  .NET Framework在web.config或app.config中默认提供了很多种设置,以便能够改变应用程序内嵌组件的行为,例如<connectionStrings>、<httpHandlers>、<sessionState>等等,这对于常规情况下的一般程序员而言是足够用的,也是非常方便的。但是我们越来越多地发现需要自己来控制一系列设置的集合 - 有时是面向组件的(自定义的或第三方提供的),有时是应用程序中使用的一系列值的集合。

  .config虽然默认提供了自定义设置(在<appSettings/>节点下),但是它太弱了,仅仅只支持键值对(key/value)

<add key="myKey" value="myValue"/>

  虽然键值对在大多数情况下也是很有帮助的,但是它对于健壮的组件、复杂的设置而言是不够灵活的,甚至显得过于简单。幸运的是,微软为我们提供了一种以编程的方式来访问自定义的配置/设置。

一、The Configuration Section

  先看如下的配置设置,含义很明确:定义一些rss,有名字、地址、以及是否缓存

  <feedRetriever>
<feeds>
<add name="cnblogs" url="http://www.cnblogs.com/rss/" />
<add name="CoolShell" url="http://coolshell.cn/rss/" cache="false" />
</feeds>
</feedRetriever>

  接下来我们就以代码来展示如何调用

二、Writing the Configuration Handler

1. Representing the <add/> Element

  每一个ConfigurationElement对象都是作为其内部属性(properties)集合的索引器而存在,再通过.NET提供了另一个属性(Attribute)-- 从而使得<add/>(.config中的自定义节点,取名add完全是基于微软是如此命名故为保持一致而为之)节点的attributes与FeedElement的properties进行关联(map),具体代码如下

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web; namespace WebAppCustomConfiguration
{
public class FeedElement : ConfigurationElement
{
[ConfigurationProperty("name", IsKey = true, IsRequired = true)]
public string Name
{
get { return (string)this["name"]; }
set { }
} [ConfigurationProperty("url", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = "http://localhost")]
[RegexStringValidator(@"http?\://\S+")]
public string Url
{
get { return (string)this["url"]; }
set { }
} [ConfigurationProperty("cache", IsRequired = false, DefaultValue = true)]
public bool Cache
{
get { return (bool)this["cache"]; }
set { }
}
}
}

The following list is a complete list of possible parameters:

  • DefaultValue – Gets or sets the default value for the decorated property. This parameter is not required.
  • IsDefaultCollection – Gets or a sets a Boolean value indicating whether the property is the default property collection for the decorated property. This parameter is not required, and the default is false.
  • IsKey – Gets or sets a Boolean value indicating whether this property is a key property for the decorated element property. This parameter is not required, and its default value is false.
  • IsRequired – Gets or sets a Boolean value indicating whether the decorated element property is required. This parameter is not required, and its default value is false.

2. Writing an Element Collection Class

  类ConfigurationElementCollection包含有好几个成员,但是只有两个标记为abstract,所以最简单的ConfigurationElementCollection只需实现这两个方法

  • CreateNewElement() – 创建一个新的ConfigurationElement对象(本例而言就是FeedElement);
  • GetElementKey() – 获得指定配置节点的key (本例而言就是FeedElement的Name属性(property).
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web; namespace WebAppCustomConfiguration
{
[ConfigurationCollection(typeof(FeedElement))]
public class FeedElementCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
{
protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
{
return new FeedElement();
} protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
{
return ((FeedElement)element).Name;
}
}
}

3. Writing the FeedRetreiverSection Class

  此Class较为简单,只需编程实现能够访问<feeds />节点即可,具体而言就是一属性(Property)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web; namespace WebAppCustomConfiguration
{
public class FeedRetrieverSection : ConfigurationSection
{
[ConfigurationProperty("feeds", IsDefaultCollection = true)]
public FeedElementCollection Feeds
{
get { return (FeedElementCollection)this["feeds"]; }
set { }
}
}
}

4. Modifying web.config

  下面的配置就不说了

<section name="feedRetriever" type="WebAppCustomConfiguration.FeedRetrieverSection"/>

.NET中如何自定义配置节点

5. Accessing Configuration Data from Code

  调用的代码如下,简单不解释

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Web; namespace WebAppCustomConfiguration
{
public class FeedRetriever
{
public static FeedRetrieverSection _Config = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("feedRetriever") as FeedRetrieverSection; public static void GetFeeds()
{
foreach (FeedElement feedElement in _Config.Feeds)
{
// make request
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(feedElement.Url);
WebProxy proxy = new WebProxy("ip address:port", true);
proxy.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("username", "password", "domain");
request.Proxy = proxy;
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
string feedData = String.Empty; using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
{
feedData = reader.ReadToEnd();
} if (feedElement.Cache)
{
// filename of cache file
string filename = String.Format("{0}_{1}.xml", feedElement.Name, DateTime.Now.Ticks); // cache file
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(@"D:\Deployment\Result\" + filename))
{
writer.Write(feedData);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}