JavaScript的3种继承方式

时间:2023-03-08 16:38:02

JavaScript的继承方式有多种,这里列举3种,分别是原型继承、类继承以及混合继承。

1、原型继承

优点:既继承了父类的模板,又继承了父类的原型对象;

缺点:不是子类实例传参,而是需要通过父类实例,不符合常规。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>javascript的3种继承方式</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
//1、原型继承
//父类(水果)
function Fruit(name, price) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
//父类的原型对象属性
Fruit.prototype.id = 2018; //子类(苹果)
function Apple(color) {
this.color = color;
}
//继承实现
Apple.prototype = new Fruit('apple', 15);
var apple = new Apple('red');
console.log(apple.name);
console.log(apple.price);
console.log(apple.color);
console.log(apple.id); </script>
</body>
</html>

控制台结果:

JavaScript的3种继承方式

2、类继承(运用构造函数的方式继承)

优点:继承了父类的模板并且能通过子类实例传参;

缺点:不能继承父类的原型对象。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>javascript的3种继承方式</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
//2、类继承(使用构造函数的方式继承)
//父类(水果)
function Fruit(name, price) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
//父类的原型对象属性
Fruit.prototype.id = 99; //子类(苹果)
function Apple(name, price, color) {
Fruit.call(this, name, price);//调用call或apply方法实现继承
this.color = color;
} var apple = new Apple('apple', 12, 'red');
console.log(apple.name);
console.log(apple.price);
console.log(apple.color);
console.log(apple.id); </script>
</body>
</html>

控制台结果:

JavaScript的3种继承方式

3、混合继承(原型继承+类继承)

优点:既继承了父类的模板,又继承了父类的原型对象,还能实现子类实例的传参。

缺点:Apple.prototype = new Fruit();这步又实例化了一次,当多次调用比较占用资源,影响性能。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>javascript的3种继承方式</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
//3、组合继承
//父类(苹果)
function Fruit(name, price) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
//父类的原型对象属性
Fruit.prototype.id = 98; //子类(苹果)
function Apple(name, price, color) {
Fruit.call(this, name, price);//调用call或apply方法实现继承
this.color = color;
}
//原型继承
Apple.prototype = new Fruit();
var apple = new Apple('apple', 12, 'red');
console.log(apple.name);
console.log(apple.price);
console.log(apple.color);
console.log(apple.id); </script>
</body>
</html>

控制台结果:

JavaScript的3种继承方式