JAVA多线程提高三:线程范围内共享变量&ThreadLocal

时间:2023-03-09 23:06:14
JAVA多线程提高三:线程范围内共享变量&ThreadLocal

今天我们学习的是如何在线程自己的范围内达到变量数据的共享,而各个线程之间又是互相独立开来,各自维护的,即我们说的ThreadLocal的作用。

一、概念

可以将每个线程用到的数据与对应的线程号存放到一个map集合中,使用数据时从这个集合中根据线程号获取对应线程的数据,就可以实现线程范围内共享相同的变量。

JAVA多线程提高三:线程范围内共享变量&ThreadLocal

二、代码

Runnable中的run()方法里面执行Thread.currentThread()都会对应当前Runnable对应的线程,因此A、B中对应的Thread.currentThread()对应所在的Runnable对应的线程

public class ThreadScopeShareData {

    private static Map<Thread, Integer> threadData = new HashMap<Thread, Integer>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
int data = new Random().nextInt();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " has put data :" + data);
threadData.put(Thread.currentThread(), data);
new A().get();
new B().get();
}
}).start();
}
} static class A{
public void get(){
int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread());
System.out.println("A from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " get data :" + data);
}
} static class B{
public void get(){
int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread());
System.out.println("B from " + Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " get data :" + data);
}
}
}

三、ThreadLocal

JDK1.5提供了ThreadLocal类来方便实现线程范围内的数据共享,它的作用就相当于前面中的Map(内部并不是Map),也就是让每个线程拥有自己的值
一个ThreadLocal对象只能记录一个线程内部的一个共享变量,需要记录多个共享数据,可以创建多个ThreadLocal对象,或者将这些数据进行封装,将封装后的数据对象存入ThreadLocal对象中。
线程结束后也可以自动释放相关的ThreadLocal变量,也可以调用ThreadLocal.remove()方法用来更快释放内存。

代码:

public class ThreadLocalTest {  

    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();
public static void main(String[] args) { //启动两个线程
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//创建每个线程私有的变量
int data = new Random().nextInt(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has put data: "+data);
//往local里面设置值
threadLocal.set(data);
new A().get();
new B().get();
}
}).start();
}
} static class A{
public void get(){
int data =threadLocal.get();
System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get data: "+data);
}
} static class B{
public void get(){
int data =threadLocal.get();
System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get data: "+data);
}
}
}

假设需要保存不止一个值,可以把其他属性的值打包成一个类,然后将该类设置成ThreadLocal的值。

下面代码中,在类MyThreadLocalScopeDate里面定义了一个静态变量Map,用来保存所有线程创建的MyThreadLocalScopeDate,并使用单例使得不管多少线程都只创建一个MyThreadLocalScopeDate对象。

public class ThreadLocalTest {  

    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Integer>();
public static void main(String[] args) { //启动两个线程
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//创建每个线程私有的变量
int data = new Random().nextInt(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has put data: "+data);
//往local里面设置值
threadLocal.set(data);
//获取自己线程的MyThreadLocalScopeDate实例对象
MyThreadLocalScopeDate myData = MyThreadLocalScopeDate.getThreadInstance();
myData.setName("name"+data);
myData.setAge(data);
new A().get();
new B().get();
}
}).start();
}
} static class A{
public void get(){
int data =threadLocal.get();
System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get data: "+data);
MyThreadLocalScopeDate myData = MyThreadLocalScopeDate.getThreadInstance();
System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get MyThreadLocalScopeDate name: "+myData.getName()+" , age: "+myData.getAge());
}
} static class B{
public void get(){
int data =threadLocal.get();
System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get data: "+data);
MyThreadLocalScopeDate myData = MyThreadLocalScopeDate.getThreadInstance();
System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has get MyThreadLocalScopeDate name: "+myData.getName()+" , age: "+myData.getAge());
}
}
} class MyThreadLocalScopeDate{//单例模式 private MyThreadLocalScopeDate(){};//构造方法私有化
private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadLocalScopeDate> map = new ThreadLocal<MyThreadLocalScopeDate>();//封装MyThreadLocalScopeDate是线程实现范围内共享 //思考AB两个线程过来的情况 自己分析 AB都需要的自己的对象 没有关系 所以不需要同步 如果有关系就需要同步了
public static /*synchronized*/MyThreadLocalScopeDate getThreadInstance(){
MyThreadLocalScopeDate instance =map.get();
if(instance==null){
instance = new MyThreadLocalScopeDate();
map.set(instance);
}
return instance;
} private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}

参考资料:

《多线程视频》张孝祥