keepalived高可用

时间：2023-03-09 20:13:07
keepalived高可用

keepalived介绍

Keepalived是一个基于vrrp协议的高可用方案，vrrp协议的软件实现，原生设计的目的为了高可用ipvs服务。

1. vrrp协议

VRRP是一种容错协议，它通过把几台路由设备联合组成一台虚拟的路由设备，并通过一定的机制来保证当主机的下一跳设备出现故障时，可以及时将业务切换到其它设备，从而保持通讯的连续性和可靠性，

  • vrrp协议中常见术语：
  1. 虚拟路由器：Virtual Router
  2. 虚拟路由器标识：VRID(0-255)
  3. 物理路由器：master（主设备），backup（备用设备），priority（优先级）
  4. VIP：Virtual IP
  5. VMAC：Virtual MAC（00-00-5e-00-01-VIRD）
  • 虚拟路由器工作机制如下：
  1. 根据优先级的大小挑选Master设备，比较优先级的大小，优先级高者当选为Master。
  2. 当两台优先级相同的路由器同时竞争Master时，比较接口IP地址大小。接口地址大者当选为Master。

    备份路由器随时监听Master的状态。
  3. 当主路由器正常工作时，它会每隔一段时间（Advertisement_Interval）发送一个VRRP组播报文，以通知组内的备份路由器，主路由器处于正常工作状态。
  4. 当组内的备份路由器一段时间（Master_Down_Interval）内没有接收到来自主路由器的报文，则将自己转为主路由器。

2. HA Cluster配置

2.1 HA Cluster的配置前提

  1. 各节点时间必须同步（ntp，chrony）。
  2. 确保iptables及selinux不会成为阻碍。
  3. 各节点之间可通过主机名互相通信（对KeepAlived并非必须），简易使用/etc/hosts文件实现。
  4. 各节点之间的root用户可以基于密钥认证的ssh服务完成相互通信（非必须）；
  5. 配置keepalived的网卡必须支持并开启多播(multicast)功能。（ip link set dev enoxxxxx multicast on|off）

2.2 HA Cluster的虚拟路由器配置

环境：两台linux主机，配置虚拟路由器组，使用 10.1.

  • 同步时间

  1. 安装ntp软件包

     	[root@ _8_ ~]# yum -y install ntp

  2. 编辑ntp配置文件，使本机作为ntp时间服务器，注释掉多行以server开头的行，添加server 127.127.0.1

    keepalived高可用

  3. 重启ntp服务

     	[root@ _9_ ~]# service ntpd restart

  4. 另一台主机2同步时间

     	[root@ _9_ ~]# ntpdate 10.1.6.11
    
 	 1 Nov 18:38:03 ntpdate[46881]: adjust time server 10.1.6.11 offset -0.000035 sec
  • keepalived 单主模型(10.1.7.19)

  1. 安装keepalived

     	[root@ _14_ ~]# yum -y install keepalived

  2. 主机1修改keepalived配置文件，注释掉Virtual server的内容（这里暂不配置）

     	[root@ _15_ ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

 	! Configuration File for keepalived
    
	 	global_defs {
    
   	notification_email {
    
     root@localhost               	 #管理员邮箱
    
   	}
    
  	 notification_email_from keepalived@localhost   #发送者keepalived
    
   	smtp_server 127.0.0.1        	 #邮箱服务器
    
   	smtp_connect_timeout 30       	 #邮件发送超时时间
    
       router_id node1             	 #当前路由器物理标识符
    
       vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.200.158 #多播地址（默认开启），应该与其他组成虚拟路由器的主机一致
    
     }

     vrrp_instance VI_1 {     		 #配置vrp示例，VI_1，随意定义，需唯一
    
       state MASTER      #定义当前节点在此虚拟路由器上的初始状态；只能有一个是MASTER，其余都为BACKUP
    
       interface eth0           		 #绑定为当前虚拟路由器使用的物理接口
    
       virtual_router_id 16           #当前虚拟路由器的唯一标识（0-255）
    
       priority 100                   #当前主机在此虚拟路由器中的优先级
    
       advert_int 1                   #vrrp通告的时间间隔
    
       authentication {
    
         auth_type PASS               #认证类型，PASS为简单认证，AH为复杂认证，推荐使用PASS
    
         auth_pass RrpIoZU7           #认证字符
    
       }
    
       virtual_ipaddress {
    
         10.1.7.19/16 dev eth0        #配置的接口虚拟ip
    
       }
    
     }

 	注：网卡多播功能开启与关闭：ip link set multicast on|off

  3. 使用scp拷贝给另一台主机2，修改对应参数 。

     	[root@ _15_ ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root@10.1.7.11:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf	

 修改
    
 	state MASTER 为 state BACKUP
    
 	priority 100 为 priority 98 备用节点优先级要比主节点低
  • 测试

  1. 启动主节点，能看到启动为MASTER，添加了10.1.7.19的地址

     	[root@ _1_ ~]# service keepalived start
    
 	Starting keepalived:

 	[root@ _1_ ~]# tail /var/log/message
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36312]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36312]: Configuration is using : 7552 Bytes
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:44 localhost kernel: IPVS: Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, SCTP, AH, ESP)
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:44 localhost kernel: IPVS: Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=64Kbytes)
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:44 localhost kernel: IPVS: ipvs loaded.
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36312]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:44 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36313]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36313]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36313]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:45 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36312]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.19 added
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36313]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:47 localhost ntpd[2238]: Listen normally on 8 eth0 10.1.7.19 UDP 123
    
 	Nov  1 20:13:50 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36313]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19

 	[root@ _2_ ~]# ip a
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
 	    link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
 	    inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
 	    inet 10.1.7.19/16 scope global eth0
    
 	    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
 	       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  2. 启动备用节点,可看到由于主节点正常运行，备用节点并未抢占主节点ip

     	[root@ _3_ ~]# service keepalived start
    
 	Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]

 	[root@ _1_ ~]# tail /var/log/message
    
 	Nov  1 20:21:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[2229]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
    
 	Nov  1 20:21:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[2229]: Configuration is using : 7556 Bytes
    
 	Nov  1 20:21:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[2229]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

 	[root@ _4_ ~]# ip a
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  3. 关闭主节点keepalived服务后

     	[root@ _6_ ~]# service keepalived stop
    
 	Stopping keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]

 	以下为主节点日志：keepalived服务关闭，vrrp ip被移除
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:17 localhost Keepalived[36349]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.13 (03/19,2015)
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36352]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36352]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:17 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36351]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.19 removed

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 	以下为备用节点日志：转换为MASTER角色，配置10.1.7.19的vrrp ip
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:19 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:19 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:19 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[2229]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.19 added
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:19 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19
    
 	Nov  1 20:28:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.19/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  4. 恢复主节点，启动主节点keepalived服务后

     	[root@ _8_ ~]# service keepalived start
    
 	Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]

 	以下为主节点日志，转换为MASTER角色，抢占10.1.7.19的ip
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:20 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36431]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:20 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36431]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:20 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36430]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.19 added
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:20 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36431]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:22 localhost ntpd[2238]: Listen normally on 10 eth0 10.1.7.19 UDP 123
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36431]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.19/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 	以下为备用节点日志，转换为BACKUP角色，ip 10.1.7.19被移除
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:19 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:19 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:19 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 20:34:19 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[2229]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.19 removed

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  • keepalived 双主模型(10.1.7.19，10.1.7.20)

  1. 在单主模型的基础上，主机1再增加一个vrrp_instance段，改动的地方为

     	vrrp_instance VI_2 { 		#vrrp示例编号要修改，不能与其他实例相同
    
 	    state BACKUP 			#初始状态，上一个实例为MASTER，此时这里为BACKUP
    
 	    interface eth0
    
 	    virtual_router_id 17
    
 	    priority 98 			#优先级要比另一台主机MASTER的优先级低
    
 	    advert_int 1
    
 	    authentication {
    
 	        auth_type PASS
    
 	        auth_pass 2a6561b9 	#认证字符串要修改
    
 	    }
    
 	    virtual_ipaddress {
    
 	        10.1.7.20/16 dev eth0 #配置的另一个ip要修改
    
 	    }
    
 	}

  2. 与之对应的另一台主机2上增加的配置为

     	 vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    
 	    state MASTER
    
 	    interface eth0
    
 	    virtual_router_id 17
    
 	    priority 100
    
 	    advert_int 1
    
 	    authentication {
    
 	        auth_type PASS
    
 	        auth_pass 2a6561b9
    
 	    }
    
 	    virtual_ipaddress {
    
 	        10.1.7.20/16 dev eth0
    
 	    }
    
 	}
  • 测试

  1. 两台主机先停止keepalived服务，然后先启动主机1

     	以下为主机1日志：VI_1启动为MASTER角色，配置10.1.7.19的ip，VI_2启动为MASTER角色，配置10.1.7.20的ip

 	Nov  1 20:57:42 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:43 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:43 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:43 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36522]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.19 added
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:43 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Transition to MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:45 localhost ntpd[2238]: Listen normally on 11 eth0 10.1.7.19 UDP 123
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:46 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:46 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:46 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.20
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36522]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.20 added
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:47 localhost ntpd[2238]: Listen normally on 12 eth0 10.1.7.20 UDP 123
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:48 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19
    
 	Nov  1 20:57:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.20

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.19/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.20/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  2. 启动主机2

     	以下为主机1日志：VI_2转换为BACKUP角色，10.1.7.20的ip被移除：
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:36 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Received higher prio advert
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:36 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering BACKUP STATE
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:36 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[36523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) removing protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:36 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[36522]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.20 removed		

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.19/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 	以下为主机2的日志，VI_2转换为MASTER角色，配置了10.1.7.20的ip
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:36 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Transition to MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:36 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Received lower prio advert, forcing new election
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:37 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:37 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:37 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[2378]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.20 added
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:37 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.20
    
 	Nov  1 21:03:42 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.20

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.20/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

  3. 停止主机1的keepalived服务。

     	以下为主机2日志：VI_1转换为MASTER角色，配置了10.1.7.19的ip
    
 	Nov  1 21:07:47 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 21:07:48 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  1 21:07:48 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  1 21:07:48 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[2378]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.7.19 added
    
 	Nov  1 21:07:48 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19
    
 	Nov  1 21:07:53 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[2380]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.7.19

 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.20/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet 10.1.7.19/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3. Keepalived集群+ipvs（DR）集群

拓扑环境

		10.1.6.11和10.1.6.12为两台real server，提供web服务。

		左边两台服务器，主节点ip10.1.6.11，备节点ip10.1.6.12

		主节点和备节点做成keepalived高可用集群。IP为10.1.8.88

keepalived高可用

  1. 两台real server 安装httpd，编辑测试主页，启动httpd服务，在主节点或备用节点上请求测试主页

     	[root@ _2_ ~]# yum -y install httpd
    
 	[root@ _2_ ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>

 	[root@ _2_ ~]# yum -y install httpd
    
 	[root@ _2_ ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>

 	[root@ _3_ ~]# curl http://10.1.7.11
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	[root@ _4_ ~]# curl http://10.1.7.12
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>

  2. Real Server上编写DR模型初始配置脚本，两台real server运行此脚本

     	#!/bin/bash

 	vip='10.1.8.88'
    
 	vport='80'
    
 	netmask='255.255.255.255'
    
 	iface='lo:0'

 	case $1 in
    
 	start)
    
 	        echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    
 	        echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

 	        ifconfig $iface $vip netmask $netmask broadcast $vip up
    
 	        route add -host $vip dev $iface
    
 	        ;;
    
 	stop)
    
 	        ifconfig $iface down

 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    
 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

 	        ;;
    
 	*)
    
 	        echo "Usage $(basename $0) start|stop"
    
 	        exit 1
    
 	        ;;
    
 	esac

 检查配置
    
 	lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
    
     inet 10.1.8.88  netmask 255.255.255.255
    
     loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

  3. 主节点和备用节点上配置keepalived

     以下为主节点配置，备用节点需修改state为BACKUP
    
 	! Configuration File for keepalived

 	global_defs {
    
 	   notification_email {
    
 	                root@localhost
    
 	   }
    
 	   notification_email_from Keepalived@localhost
    
 	   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    
 	   smtp_connect_timeout 30
    
 	   router_id node1
    
 	        vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.200.158
    
 	}

 	vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    
 	    state MASTER
    
 	    interface eth0
    
 	    virtual_router_id 16
    
 	    priority 98
    
 	    advert_int 1
    
 	    authentication {
    
 	        auth_type PASS
    
 	        auth_pass 2a6561b8
    
 	    }
    
 	    virtual_ipaddress {
    
 	        10.1.8.88/16 dev eth0
    
 	    }
    
 	}

  4. 测试主备节点分别故障时，虚拟ip能来回切换

  5. 主节点和备节点安装ipvsadm，测试调度后端real server，确保调度正常

     主节点：
    
 	[root@ _8_ ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm
    
 	[root@ _8_ ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 10.1.8.88:80 -s rr
    
 	[root@ _9_ ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 10.1.8.88:80 -r 10.1.7.11 -g -w 1
    
 	[root@ _10_ ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 10.1.8.88:80 -r 10.1.7.12 -g -w 1
    
 	[root@ _11_ ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
    
 	IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    
 	Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
    
 	  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    
 	TCP  10.1.8.88:80 rr
    
 	  -> 10.1.7.11:80                 Route   1      0          0
    
 	  -> 10.1.7.12:80                 Route   1      0          0

 	[root@ _13_ ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://10.1.8.88 ;done
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>

 调度正常，清空规则
    
 	[root@ _25_ ~]# ipvsadm -C

 	备用节点同样方法测试一次

  6. 定义keepalived配置中Virtual Server

     主节点和备节点的keepalived配置文件中加入Virtual server配置段
    
 	virtual_server 10.1.8.88 80 { 			#virtual_server ip地址
    
 	    delay_loop 3 						#服务轮询时间间隔
    
 	    lb_algo rr 							#定义调度算法
    
 	    lb_kind DR							#定义lvs的类型
    
 	    protocol TCP 						#服务协议，仅支持tcp

 	    real_server 10.1.7.11 80 { 			#real_server ip地址
    
 	        weight 1 						#权重
    
 	        HTTP_GET { 						#请求方法
    
 	            url {
    
 	              path / 					#定义监控的url
    
 	              status_code 200 			#判断上述检测机制为健康状态的响应码为200
    
 	            }
    
 	            connect_timeout 1 			#连接超时时间
    
 	            nb_get_retry 3 				#重试的次数
    
 	            delay_before_retry 1 		#重试之前延迟时长
    
 	        }
    
 	    }

 	    real_server 10.1.7.12 80 {
    
 	        weight 1
    
 	        HTTP_GET {
    
 	            url {
    
 	              path /
    
 	              status_code 200
    
 	            }
    
 	            connect_timeout 1
    
 	            nb_get_retry 3
    
 	            delay_before_retry 1
    
 	        }
    
 	    }
    
 	}

  7. 启动主节点和备节点keepalived服务，查看ip以及ipvs规则

     主节点
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.8.88/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 	[root@ _33_ ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
    
 	IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    
 	Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
    
 	  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    
 	TCP  10.1.8.88:80 rr
    
 	  -> 10.1.7.11:80                 Route   1      0          0
    
 	  -> 10.1.7.12:80                 Route   1      0          0

 备节点
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 	[root@ _28_ ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
    
 	IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    
 	Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
    
 	  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    
 	TCP  10.1.8.88:80 rr
    
 	  -> 10.1.7.11:80                 Route   1      0          0
    
 	  -> 10.1.7.12:80                 Route   1      0          0

  8. 使用客户端对其进行访问检测

     测试正常
    
 	[root@ _16_ ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://10.1.8.88 ;done
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>

  9. 使real server中有一个故障，检测访问

     停掉real server的httpd服务
    
 	[root@ _5_ ~]# systemctl stop httpd

 主节点上查看ipvs规则，real server 2已下线

 	[root@ _38_ ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
    
 	IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    
 	Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
    
 	  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    
 	TCP  10.1.8.88:80 rr
    
 	  -> 10.1.7.11:80                 Route   1      0          10

 客户端请求访问
    
 	[root@ _17_ ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://10.1.8.88 ;done
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 访问正常

  10. 使故障的real server恢复，检测访问

    	[root@ _6_ ~]# systemctl start httpd

查看主节点上ipvs规则，real server已加入
    
	[root@ _39_ ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
    
	IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    
	Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
    
	  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    
	TCP  10.1.8.88:80 rr
    
	  -> 10.1.7.11:80                 Route   1      0          0
    
	  -> 10.1.7.12:80                 Route   1      0          0 

客户端访问测试
    
	[root@ _18_ ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://10.1.8.88 ;done
    
	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
调度正常

4. keepalived主备节点上配置sorry server

  1. 主备节点分别安装httpd，编辑网页文件，最好都停掉keepalived服务

     	[root@ _41_ ~]# yum -y install httpd

 主节点编辑网页文件
    
 	[root@ _38_ ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
    
 	<h1>LB Cluster Fault,this is Sorry Server 1</h1>

 主节点编辑网页文件
    
 	[root@ _38_ ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
    
 	<h1>LB Cluster Fault,this is Sorry Server 2</h1>

  2. 编辑keepalived配置文件，在Virtual server中添加sorry server配置，主节点和备节点都要配置

     	virtual_server 10.1.8.88 80 {
    
     delay_loop 3
    
     lb_algo rr
    
     lb_kind DR
    
     protocol TCP

     sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80

 	real_server 10.1.7.11 80 {
    
 	weight 1
    
 	...

  3. 主备节点都启动httpd服务，启动keepalived服务，两台real server都停止httpd服务

     	[root@ _48_ ~]# service httpd start

 	[root@ _44_ ~]# service keepalived start
    
 	Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]

 	[root@ _12_ ~]# systemctl stop httpd

  4. 客户端请求测试

     看到sorry server的响应
    
 	[root@ _22_ ~]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>LB Cluster Fault,this is Sorry Server 1</h1>

  5. 启动一台real server的httpd服务，客户端测试

     响应正常
    
 	[root@ _23_ ~]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>

5.keeplioved调用外部脚本，由结果实时调整优先级

  1. 脚本的定义与调用介绍

  2.  （1）脚本先定义
    
 	vrrp_script<SCRIPT_NAME> {
    
 		script ""
    
 		interval INT
    
 		weight -INT
    
 	}
    
 （2）再调用
    
 	track_script {
    
 		SCRIPT_NAME_1
    
 		SCRIPT_NAME_2
    
 		...
    
 	}

  3. 主备节点keepalived配置加入脚本段，脚本检测到/etc/keepalived/down则返回失败

     主节点
    
 	! Configuration File for keepalived

 	global_defs {
    
 	   notification_email {
    
 	        root@localhost
    
 	   }
    
 	   notification_email_from Keepalived@localhost
    
 	   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    
 	   smtp_connect_timeout 30
    
 	   router_id node1
    
 	    vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.200.158
    
 	}

 	vrrp_script chk_down { 												#定义脚本名
    
 	    script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0" 		#判断down文件，存在则返回失败
    
 	    interval 1 														#每隔多长时间脚本执行一次
    
 	    weight -5 														#脚本失败动作，权重-5，确保-5后低于备用优先级
    
 	}

 	vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    
 	    state MASTER
    
 	    interface eth0
    
 	    virtual_router_id 16
    
 	    priority 100
    
 	    advert_int 1
    
 	    authentication {
    
 	        auth_type PASS
    
 	        auth_pass 2a6561b8
    
 	    }
    
 	    virtual_ipaddress {
    
 	        10.1.8.88/16 dev eth0
    
 	    }
    
 	    track_script { 													#监控的脚本
    
 	        chk_down 													#调用的脚本名称
    
 	    }
    
 	}

 备节点需要修改state为BACKUP，priority为98

  4. 主备节点启动keepalived服务，查看ip

     	[root@ _72_ /etc/keepalived]# service keepalived stop
    
 	Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]

 主节点
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
 	link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
 	inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
 	inet 10.1.8.88/16 scope global secondary eth0

 备节点
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
 	link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
 	inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0

  5. 创建/etc/keepalived/down文件，查看ip转移

     	[root@ _161_ /etc/keepalived]# touch down

 主节点
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link

 备节点
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.8.88/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link

 主节点检测脚本，返回失败，权重-5，转换为BACKUP角色，ip 10.1.8.88被移除
    
 	Nov  3 08:24:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[4853]: VRRP_Script(chk_down) failed
    
 	Nov  3 08:24:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[4853]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
    
 	Nov  3 08:24:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[4853]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
    
 	Nov  3 08:24:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[4853]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  3 08:24:03 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[4852]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.8.88 removed

  6. 删除主节点/etc/keepalived/down文件，查看ip转移

     	[root@ _163_ /etc/keepalived]# rm -rf down

 主节点，ip已夺回
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.8.88/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link

 日志
    
 	Nov  3 08:32:01 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[4852]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.8.88 added
    
 	Nov  3 08:32:01 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[4853]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.1.8.88
    
 	Nov  3 08:32:03 localhost ntpd[4558]: Listen normally on 11 eth0 10.1.8.88 UDP 123

6. keepalived结合nginx调度（并使用辅助脚本检测nginx服务）

  1. 清空上例在real server上所做的lo：0接口规则以及ARP限制规则，并停止keepalived服务

     	[root@ _16_ ~]# bash set_dr stop

 	#!/bin/bash

 	vip='10.1.8.88'
    
 	vport='80'
    
 	netmask='255.255.255.255'
    
 	iface='lo:0'

 	case $1 in
    
 	start)
    
 	        echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    
 	        echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

 	        ifconfig $iface $vip netmask $netmask broadcast $vip up
    
 	        route add -host $vip dev $iface
    
 	        ;;
    
 	stop)
    
 	        ifconfig $iface down

 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    
 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    
 	        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

 	        ;;
    
 	*)
    
 	        echo "Usage $(basename $0) start|stop"
    
 	        exit 1
    
 	        ;;
    
 	esac

  2. 主备节点停止为sorry server启动的httpd服务

     	[root@ _50_ ~]# service httpd stop
    
 	Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

  3. 主备节点安装nginx

     	[root@ _173_ /etc/keepalived]# yum -y install nginx

  4. 编辑nginx配置文件，实现反代

     在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的http上下文中添加
    
 	upstream websrvs {
    
 	    server 10.1.7.11;
    
 	    server 10.1.7.12;
    
 	}
    
 在/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf的location上下文中添加

 	proxy_pass http://websrvs;
    
 如
    
 	location / {
    
     	root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    
     	proxy_pass http://websrvs;
    
     	index  index.html index.htm;
    
 	}

  5. 主备节点启动nginx服务，keepalived服务，访问测试

     	[root@ _18_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	[root@ _19_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	[root@ _20_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	[root@ _21_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 访问正常

  6. 主备节点添加vrrp_script脚本，在nginx没有启动时触发

     	vrrp_script chk_nginx {
    
 	    script "killall -0 nginx && exit 0 || exit 1"
    
 	    interval 1
    
 	    weigth
    
 	}

 追踪脚本中也需要加入chk_nginx
    
     track_script {
    
         chk_down
    
         chk_nginx
    
     }

  7. 主节点重启keepalived服务，而后备节点重启keepalived服务

     此时虚拟ip 10.1.8.88在主节点上
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.8.88/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 客户端访问正常
    
 	[root@ _22_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	[root@ _23_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	[root@ _24_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>

  8. 停止主节点nginx服务

     	[root@ _12_ ~]# service nginx stop
    
 	Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

 主节点ip已移除
    
 			2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:9c:14:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.11/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:147c/64 scope link
    
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 日志信息，检测到vrrp_script失败，转换为BACKUP模式，ip已移除
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[75164]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx) failed
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[75164]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering FAULT STATE
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[75164]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[75164]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Now in FAULT state
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:25 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[75163]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.8.88 removed

 备节点ip与日志，10.1.8.88地址已获取，转换为MASTER角色
    
 	2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    
     link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    
     inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0
    
     inet 10.1.8.88/16 scope global secondary eth0
    
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:fdec/64 scope link 

 	Nov  3 18:00:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[75084]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[75084]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[75084]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
    
 	Nov  3 18:00:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[75083]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.8.88 added

  9. 客户端访问测试

     调度正常
    
 	[root@ _25_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	[root@ _26_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>
    
 	[root@ _27_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 2</h1>
    
 	[root@ _28_ /etc]# curl http://10.1.8.88
    
 	<h1>Server 1</h1>

补充:keepalived发生角色转移时运行指定脚本

  1. 备节点上编写脚本/etc/keepalived/motify.sh，当角色切换时，给root用户发送邮件

     		#!/bin/bash
    
 		#
    
 		contact='root@localhost'

 		notify() {
    
 		    mailsubject="$(hostname) to be $1, vip floating."
    
 		    mailbody="$(date +'%F %T'): vrrp transition, $(hostname) changed to be $1"
    
 		    echo "$mailbody" | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
    
 		}

 		case $1 in
    
 		master)
    
 		    notify master
    
 		    ;;
    
 		backup)
    
 		    notify backup
    
 		    ;;
    
 		fault)
    
 		    notify fault
    
 		    ;;
    
 		*)
    
 		    echo "Usage: $(basename $0) {master|backup|fault}"
    
 		    exit 1
    
 		    ;;
    
 		esac

  2. 在vrrp_instance端中调用脚本，并重启keepalived服务

     	    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
    
 	    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
    
 	    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"

3.主节点停止keepalived服务，查看root用户邮件

	备节点：收到转换为master角色的邮件

		>N  1 root                  Thu Nov  3 18:41  18/731   "localhost.localdomain to be master, vip floating."

		& 1

		Message  1:

		From root@localhost.localdomain  Thu Nov  3 18:41:46 2016

		Return-Path: <root@localhost.localdomain>

		X-Original-To: root@localhost

		Delivered-To: root@localhost.localdomain

		Date: Thu, 03 Nov 2016 18:41:46 +0800

		To: root@localhost.localdomain

		Subject: localhost.localdomain to be master, vip floating.

		User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08

		Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

		From: root@localhost.localdomain (root)

		Status: R

		2016-11-03 18:41:46: vrrp transition, localhost.localdomain changed to be master

	ip 10.1.8.88已添加

		2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

	    link/ether 00:0c:29:af:fd:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

	    inet 10.1.6.12/16 brd 10.1.255.255 scope global eth0

	    inet 10.1.8.88/16 scope global secondary eth0

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