Linux 开发环境搭建

时间:2023-03-09 21:50:33
Linux 开发环境搭建

  本文多参考自网上资料,在此多谢这些资料的作者的辛勤劳动!

  另外,本文所用 Linux 版本为 CentOS 7.1。

终端配置

安装及配置 Zsh

  在默认情况下,Linux 下的终端是 bash,但其跟 zsh 相比起来还是有点差距。博文使用 zsh 的九个理由就讲了九个使用 zsh 的理由。

  安装 zsh,直接利用 yum 即可:

sudo yum install zsh

  然后可以直接用 oh-my-zsh 来配置 zsh:

sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

或者用 curl:

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

  接下来可以编辑一下 ~/.zshrc 来修改 zsh 颜色主题及安装插件。个人的该文件为:

# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
export ZSH=/home/xiehongfeng100/.oh-my-zsh # Set name of the theme to load.
# Look in ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/
# Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/themes
# Extra Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/External-themes
# Optionally, if you set this to "random", it'll load a random theme each
# time that oh-my-zsh is loaded.
# ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
# ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
# ZSH_THEME="gentoo"
# ZSH_THEME="dogenpunk"
# ZSH_THEME="bureau"
# ZSH_THEME="avit"
# ZSH_THEME="af-magic"
ZSH_THEME="bira" # Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
# CASE_SENSITIVE="true" # Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion. Case
# sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
# HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true" # Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks.
# DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true" # Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
# export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS= # Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
# DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true" # Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
# DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true" # Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
ENABLE_CORRECTION="true" # Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true" # Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files
# under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories
# much, much faster.
# DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true" # Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time
# stamp shown in the history command output.
# The optional three formats: "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd"
# HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy" # Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom?
# ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder # Which plugins would you like to load? (plugins can be found in ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/*)
# Custom plugins may be added to ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/
# Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)
# Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup.
plugins=(git git-flow history-substring-search github zsh-syntax-highlighting) # User configuration export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/home/xiehongfeng100/.local/bin:/home/xiehongfeng100/bin"
# export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/systemc-2.3.1/lib-linux64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh # You may need to manually set your language environment
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 # Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
# if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
# export EDITOR='vim'
# else
# export EDITOR='mvim'
# fi # Compilation flags
# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" # ssh
# export SSH_KEY_PATH="~/.ssh/dsa_id" # Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs,
# plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh
# users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder.
# For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.
#
# Example aliases
# alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"
# alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"

~/.zshrc

  需要注意的是,可能需要设置一下环境变量。具体可参考上一博文  Linux 中环境变量设置

  下图是个人终端效果:

  Linux 开发环境搭建

  注:终端背景颜色是通过终端的 Edit->Profile Preference->Colors,具体两个步骤如下:

  Linux 开发环境搭建

  Linux 开发环境搭建

  RGB数值大概分别为37 42 44

  关于 zsh 详细配置可参考 archlinux 上的一篇文章 Zsh

  为了更方便,还可安装 autojump 插件:

sudo yum install autojump
sudo yum install autojump-zsh

  它有一个非常实用的功能,及能够快速切换到已经打开过的目录,如下例:

$ pwd
/home/seisman
$ cd Desktop
$ cd /opt
$ cd /usr/local # 用j命令迅速从/usr/local跳转到与des匹配的目录,这里只有Desktop可以匹配
$ j des
$ pwd
/home/seisman/Desktop

安装及配置 TMUX

  关于 TMUX 的概念,博文 Tmux - Linux从业者必备利器说的很详细生动。而另一博文tmux的使用方法和个性化配置对TMUX的配置说的很不错。

  安装 TMUX 直接用 yum 就可以了:

sudo yum install tmux

  接下来就主要配置下 TMUX 就行了。新建文件 ~/.tmux.conf:

#设置前缀为Ctrl + x
set -g prefix C-x
#解除Ctrl+b 与前缀的对应关系
unbind C-b

  效果图如下:

  Linux 开发环境搭建

  部分 TMUX 快捷键可参考博文 tmux 快捷键

  其他命令的使用需要先激活 TMUX,默认快捷键是 Ctrl + b。因为我已经修改了这个快捷键,所以是 Ctrl + x。

  Linux 开发环境搭建

  Linux 开发环境搭建

  Linux 开发环境搭建

VIM 的配置

安装 Vundle

  Vundle 的安装参照其主页即可:

$ git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

  在 ~/.vimrc 中添加如下内容:

" Vundle Setting
set nocompatible
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin() " Let Vundle manage itself
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'
" Plugins
Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'scrooloose/syntastic'
Plugin 'bling/vim-airline'
Plugin 'SirVer/ultisnips'
Plugin 'edsono/vim-matchit'
Plugin 'elzr/vim-json'
Plugin 'honza/vim-snippets'
Plugin 'justinmk/vim-sneak'
Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Plugin 'ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium'
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plugin 'mhinz/vim-signify'
Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown'
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
Plugin 'sjl/gundo.vim'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-sleuth'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-surround'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Plugin 'tyru/open-browser.vim'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/a.vim'
" Plugin 'Raimondi/delimitMate' " Color schemes
Plugin 'tomasr/molokai'
Plugin 'flazz/vim-colorschemes' call vundle#end()
filetype plugin indent on

Vundle Setting

  保存退出 vim 后重新进入 vim,执行 :BundelInstall。

  安装过程如下图(摘自 Vundle 主页):

Linux 开发环境搭建

安装 YouCompleteMe

  在上一步的基础上,参照 YouCompleteMe 主页,个人配置采用:

cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
./install.py --clang-completer

  有时这样子会提示 clang 没有安装(clang 已安装),这时将第二天语句改为:

./install.py --clang-completer --system-libclang

  另外,install.py 的参数是可以通过

./install.py --help

来得到的。

编辑 ~/.vimrc

  完整的 ~/.vimrc 文件如下:

" Vundle Setting
set nocompatible
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin() " Let Vundle manage itself
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'
" Plugins
Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'scrooloose/syntastic'
Plugin 'bling/vim-airline'
Plugin 'SirVer/ultisnips'
Plugin 'edsono/vim-matchit'
Plugin 'elzr/vim-json'
Plugin 'honza/vim-snippets'
Plugin 'justinmk/vim-sneak'
Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Plugin 'ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium'
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plugin 'mhinz/vim-signify'
Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown'
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
Plugin 'sjl/gundo.vim'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-sleuth'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-surround'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Plugin 'tyru/open-browser.vim'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/a.vim'
" Plugin 'Raimondi/delimitMate' " Color schemes
Plugin 'tomasr/molokai'
Plugin 'flazz/vim-colorschemes' call vundle#end()
filetype plugin indent on """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => YouCompleteMe 代码自动补全 Begin
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
" youcompleteme 默认tab s-tab 和自动补全冲突
" let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion=['<c-n>']
" let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion = ['<Down>']
" let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion=['<c-p>']
" let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion = ['<Up>']
" let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0 " 关闭加载.ycm_extra_conf.py提示
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = "在注释输入中也能补全
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = "在字符串输入中也能补全
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files= " 开启 YCM 基于标签引擎
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = "注释和字符串中的文字也会被收入补全
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax= "语言关键字补全, 不过python关键字都很短,所以,需要的自己打开
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files =
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion= " 从第2个键入字符就开始罗列匹配项
" 引入,可以补全系统,以及python的第三方包 针对新老版本YCM做了兼容
" old version
if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"))
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"
endif
" new version
if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"))
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"
endif
"mapping
nmap <leader>gd :YcmDiags<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR> " 跳转到申明处
nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR> " 跳转到定义处
nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>
" 直接触发自动补全
let g:ycm_key_invoke_completion = '<C-Space>'
" 黑名单,不启用
let g:ycm_filetype_blacklist = {
\ 'tagbar' : ,
\ 'gitcommit' : ,
\}
map <F9> :call SaveInputData()<CR>
func! SaveInputData()
exec "tabnew"
exec 'normal "+gP'
exec "w! /tmp/input_data"
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => YouCompleteMe 代码自动补全 End
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" set t_Co=256
" set background=dark
" colorschem solarized " 设置配色方案
colorscheme torte
" colorscheme murphy
" colorscheme desert "字体
"if (has("gui_running"))
" set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10
"endif """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 显示相关
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"set shortmess=atI " 启动的时候不显示那个援助乌干达儿童的提示
"winpos 5 5 " 设定窗口位置
"set lines=40 columns=155 " 设定窗口大小
set go= " 不要图形按钮
"color asmanian2 " 设置背景主题
"set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI " 设置字体
"syntax on " 语法高亮
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul " 用浅色高亮当前行
autocmd InsertEnter * se cul " 用浅色高亮当前行
"set ruler " 显示标尺
set showcmd " 输入的命令显示出来,看的清楚些
"set cmdheight=1 " 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,设置为1
"set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l " 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界(不建议)
"set scrolloff=3 " 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set novisualbell " 不要闪烁(不明白)
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")} "状态行显示的内容
set laststatus= " 启动显示状态行(1),总是显示状态行(2)
set foldenable " 允许折叠
set foldmethod=manual " 手动折叠
"set background=dark "背景使用黑色
" 显示中文帮助
if version >=
set helplang=cn
set encoding=utf-
endif """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""新文件标题
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件,自动插入文件头
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()"
""定义函数SetTitle,自动插入文件头
func SetTitle()
"如果文件类型为.sh文件
if &filetype == 'sh'
call setline(,"\#########################################################################")
call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%"))
call append(line(".")+, "\# Author: xiehongfeng")
call append(line(".")+, "\# mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com")
call append(line(".")+, "\# Created Time: ".strftime("%c"))
call append(line(".")+, "\#########################################################################")
call append(line(".")+, "\#!/bin/bash")
call append(line(".")+, "")
else
call setline(, "/*************************************************************************")
call append(line("."), " > File Name: ".expand("%"))
call append(line(".")+, " > Author: xiehongfeng")
call append(line(".")+, " > Mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com")
call append(line(".")+, " > Created Time: ".strftime("%c"))
call append(line(".")+, " ************************************************************************/")
call append(line(".")+, "")
endif
if &filetype == 'cpp'
call append(line(".")+, "#include <iostream>")
call append(line(".")+, "using namespace std;")
call append(line(".")+, "")
endif
if &filetype == 'c'
call append(line(".")+, "#include <stdio.h>")
call append(line(".")+, "")
endif
" if &filetype == 'java'
" call append(line(".")+6,"public class ".expand("%"))
" call append(line(".")+7,"")
" endif
"新建文件后,自动定位到文件末尾
autocmd BufNewFile * normal G
endfunc """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"键盘命令
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
nmap <leader>w :w!<cr>
nmap <leader>f :find<cr>
" 映射全选+复制 ctrl+a
map <C-A> ggVGY
map! <C-A> <Esc>ggVGY
map <F12> gg=G
" 选中状态下 Ctrl+c 复制
vmap <C-c> "+y
"去空行
nnoremap <F2> :g/^\s*$/d<CR>
"比较文件
nnoremap <C-F2> :vert diffsplit
"新建标签
map <M-F2> :tabnew<CR>
"列出当前目录文件
map <F3> :tabnew .<CR>
"打开树状文件目录
map <C-F3> \be
"C,C++ 按F5编译运行
map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec "w"
if &filetype == 'c'
exec "!g++ % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
exec "!g++ % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'java'
exec "!javac %"
exec "!java %<"
elseif &filetype == 'sh'
:!./%
elseif &filetype == 'py'
exec "!python %"
exec "!python %<"
endif
endfunc
"C,C++的调试
map <F8> :call Rungdb()<CR>
func! Rungdb()
exec "w"
exec "!g++ % -g -o %<"
exec "!gdb ./%<"
endfunc """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
""实用设置
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
" quickfix模式
autocmd FileType c,cpp map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr>
"代码补全
set completeopt=preview,menu
"允许插件
filetype plugin on
"共享剪贴板
set clipboard+=unnamed
"从不备份
set nobackup
"make 运行
:set makeprg=g++\ -Wall\ \ %
"自动保存
set autowrite
set ruler " 打开状态栏标尺
set cursorline " 突出显示当前行
set magic " 设置魔术
set guioptions-=T " 隐藏工具栏
set guioptions-=m " 隐藏菜单栏
"set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\
" 设置在状态行显示的信息
set foldcolumn=
set foldmethod=indent
set foldlevel=
set foldenable " 开始折叠
" 不要使用vi的键盘模式,而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
" 语法高亮
set syntax=on
" 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
" 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候,弹出确认
set confirm
" 自动缩进
set autoindent
set cindent
" Tab键的宽度
set tabstop=
" 统一缩进为4
set softtabstop=
set shiftwidth=
" 不要用空格代替制表符
set noexpandtab
" 在行和段开始处使用制表符
set smarttab
" 显示行号
set number
" 历史记录数
set history=
"禁止生成临时文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile
"搜索忽略大小写
set ignorecase
"搜索逐字符高亮
set hlsearch
set incsearch
"行内替换
set gdefault
"编码设置
set enc=utf-
set fencs=utf-,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"语言设置
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-
set helplang=cn
" 我的状态行显示的内容(包括文件类型和解码)
"set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}
"set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]
" 总是显示状态行
set laststatus=
" 命令行(在状态行下)的高度,默认为1,这里是2
set cmdheight=
" 侦测文件类型
filetype on
" 载入文件类型插件
filetype plugin on
" 为特定文件类型载入相关缩进文件
filetype indent on
" 保存全局变量
set viminfo+=!
" 带有如下符号的单词不要被换行分割
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-
" 字符间插入的像素行数目
set linespace=
" 增强模式中的命令行自动完成操作
set wildmenu
" 使回格键(backspace)正常处理indent, eol, start等
set backspace=
" 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
" 可以在buffer的任何地方使用鼠标(类似office中在工作区双击鼠标定位)
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
" 通过使用: commands命令,告诉我们文件的哪一行被改变过
set report=
" 在被分割的窗口间显示空白,便于阅读
set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:\
" 高亮显示匹配的括号
set showmatch
" 匹配括号高亮的时间(单位是十分之一秒)
set matchtime=
" 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set scrolloff=
" 为C程序提供自动缩进
set smartindent
" 高亮显示普通txt文件(需要txt.vim脚本)
au BufRead,BufNewFile * setfiletype txt
"自动补全
:inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
:inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
:inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
:inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
:inoremap [ []<ESC>i
:inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
" :inoremap " ""<ESC>i
" :inoremap ' ''<ESC>i
function! ClosePair(char)
if getline('.')[col('.') - ] == a:char
return "\<Right>"
else
return a:char
endif
endfunction
filetype plugin indent on
"打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
set completeopt=longest,menu

~/.vimrc

  VIM 最终效果如下:

  Linux 开发环境搭建