1、SpringBoot2.xHTTP请求配置讲解
简介:SpringBoot2.xHTTP请求注解讲解和简化注解配置技巧
1、@RestController and @RequestMapping是springMVC的注解,不是springboot特有的
2、@RestController = @Controller+@ResponseBody
3、@SpringBootApplication = @Configuration+@EnableAutoConfiguration+@ComponentScan
localhost:8080
Demo1:
SampleControler.java
package net.xdclass.demo.controller; import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController
public class SampleControler { @RequestMapping("/")
String home() {
return "Hello World!";
} /*public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(SampleControler.class, args);
}*/ @RequestMapping("/test")
public Map<String, String> testMap(){
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "xdclass");
return map;
} }
XdClassApplication.java
package net.xdclass.demo; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; @SpringBootApplication //一个注解顶下面三个注解
/*@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan*/ //启动类
public class XdClassApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(XdClassApplication.class, args);
}
}
访问:http://localhost:8080/test
2、开发接口必备工具之PostMan接口调试工具介绍和使用
简介:模拟Http接口测试工具PostMan安装和讲解
1、接口调试工具安装和基本使用
2、下载地址:https://www.getpostman.com/
说明:
History可以保存历史请求
Collections:测试的请求没有问题后,可以保存到此处
点击save
同时可以使用Download方式将内容以json形式导出
3、SpringBoot基础HTTP接口GET请求实战
简介:讲解springboot接口,http的get请求,各个注解使用
1、GET请求
1、单一参数@RequestMapping(path = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
1) public String getUser(@PathVariable String id ) {}
2)@RequestMapping(path = "/{depid}/{userid}", method = RequestMethod.GET) 可以同时指定多个提交方法
getUser(@PathVariable("depid") String departmentID,@PathVariable("userid") String userid)
3)一个顶俩
@GetMapping = @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
@PostMapping = @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
@PutMapping = @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@DeleteMapping = @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
4)@RequestParam(value = "name", required = true)
可以设置默认值,比如分页
4)@RequestBody 请求体映射实体类
需要指定http头为 content-type为application/json charset=utf-8
5)@RequestHeader 请求头,比如鉴权
@RequestHeader("access_token") String accessToken
6)HttpServletRequest request自动注入获取参数
例:GetController.java
package net.xdclass.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import net.xdclass.demo.domain.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; //测试http协议的get请求
@RestController
public class GetController { private Map<String,Object> params = new HashMap<>(); /**
* 功能描述:测试restful协议,从路径中获取字段
* (协议的命名通常用字母组合和下划线方式,不用驼峰式命名)
* @param cityId
* @param userId
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/{city_id}/{user_id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Object findUser(@PathVariable("city_id") String cityId,
@PathVariable("user_id") String userId ){
params.clear(); params.put("cityId", cityId);
params.put("userId", userId); return params; } /**
* 功能描述:测试GetMapping
* @param from
* @param size
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/v1/page_user1")
public Object pageUser(int from, int size ){
params.clear();
params.put("from", from);
params.put("size", size); return params; } /**
* 功能描述:默认值(defaultValue),是否必须的参数
* @param from
* @param size
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/v1/page_user2")
public Object pageUserV2(@RequestParam(defaultValue="0",name="page") int from, int size ){ params.clear();
params.put("from", from);
params.put("size", size); return params; } /**
* 功能描述:bean对象传参
* 注意:1、注意需要指定http头为 content-type为application/json
* 2、使用body传输数据
* @param user
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/v1/save_user")
public Object saveUser(@RequestBody User user){
params.clear();
params.put("user", user);
return params;
} /**
* 功能描述:测试获取http头信息
* @param accessToken
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/v1/get_header")
public Object getHeader(@RequestHeader("access_token") String accessToken, String id){
params.clear();
params.put("access_token", accessToken);
params.put("id", id);
return params;
} @GetMapping("/v1/test_request")
public Object testRequest(HttpServletRequest request){
params.clear();
String id = request.getParameter("id");
params.put("id", id);
return params;
} }
User.java
package net.xdclass.demo.domain; public class User { private int age; private String pwd; private String phone; public int getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
} public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
} public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
} public String getPhone() {
return phone;
} public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
} public User() {
super();
} public User(int age, String pwd, String phone) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.pwd = pwd;
this.phone = phone;
} }
4、SpringBoot基础HTTP接口POST,PUT,DELETE请求实战
简介:讲解http请求post,put, delete提交方式
代码示例:
package net.xdclass.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; //测试http协议的post,del,put请求
@RestController
public class OtherHttpController { private Map<String,Object> params = new HashMap<>(); /**
* 功能描述:测试PostMapping
* @param accessToken
* @param id
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/v1/login")
public Object login(String id, String pwd){
params.clear();
params.put("id", id);
params.put("pwd", pwd);
return params;
} @PutMapping("/v1/put")//常用于更新
public Object put(String id){
params.clear();
params.put("id", id);
return params;
} @DeleteMapping("/v1/del")//删除操作
public Object del(String id){
params.clear();
params.put("id", id);
return params;
} }
5、常用json框架介绍和Jackson返回结果处理
简介:介绍常用json框架和注解的使用,自定义返回json结构和格式
1、常用框架 阿里 fastjson,谷歌gson等
JavaBean序列化为Json,性能:Jackson > FastJson > Gson > Json-lib 同个结构
Jackson、FastJson、Gson类库各有优点,各有自己的专长
空间换时间,时间换空间
2、jackson处理相关自动
指定字段不返回:@JsonIgnore
User.java
测试:
前台返回信息:
指定日期格式:@JsonFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss",locale="zh",timezone="GMT+8")
空字段不返回:@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NUll)
指定别名:@JsonProperty
代码示例:
User.java
package net.xdclass.demo.domain; import java.util.Date;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty; public class User { private int age; @JsonIgnore//前台不返回该字段信息,保护数据安全
private String pwd; @JsonProperty("account")
@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)
private String phone; @JsonFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss",locale="zh",timezone="GMT+8")
private Date createTime; public Date getCreateTime() {
return createTime;
} public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
this.createTime = createTime;
} public int getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
} public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
} public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
} public String getPhone() {
return phone;
} public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
} public User() {
super();
} public User(int age, String pwd, String phone, Date createTime) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.pwd = pwd;
this.phone = phone;
this.createTime = createTime;
}
}
测试代码:
@GetMapping("/testjson")
public Object testjson(){ return new User(11, "abc123", "1001000", new Date());
}
前台返回结果:
6、SpringBoot2.x目录文件结构讲解
简介:讲解SpringBoot目录文件结构和官方推荐的目录规范
1、目录讲解
src/main/java:存放代码
src/main/resources
static: 存放静态文件,比如 css、js、image, (访问方式 http://localhost:8080/js/main.js)
templates:存放静态页面jsp,html,tpl
config:存放配置文件,application.properties
resources:
2、引入依赖 Thymeleaf
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
注意:如果不引入这个依赖包,html文件应该放在默认加载文件夹里面,
比如resources、static、public这个几个文件夹,才可以访问(这三个文件夹中的内容可以直接访问)
例如,要访问templates下的index.html
index.html:
访问:http://localhost:8080/api/v1/gopage
浏览器结果:
3、同个文件的加载顺序,静态资源文件
Spring Boot 默认会挨个从
META/resources > resources > static > public 里面找是否存在相应的资源,如果有则直接返回。
4、默认配置
1)官网地址:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-developing-web-applications.html#boot-features-spring-mvc-static-content
2)spring.resources.static-locations = classpath:/META-INF/resources/,classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/,classpath:/public/
自定义文件夹代码示例:
在src/main/resources文件夹下创建application.properties
spring.resources.static-locations = classpath:/META-INF/resources/,classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/,classpath:/public/,classpath:/test/
访问test文件夹下的test3.js
在配置文件中,加入classpath:/test/,访问:http://localhost:8080/test3.js
浏览器结果:
若不加入该内容,浏览器会提示错误信息,无法访问
5、静态资源文件存储在CDN
面试题:如何加快网站的访问速度?
答:大型公司通常将静态资源文件存储在CDN,响应快。SpringBoot搭建的项目通常会前后端分离。