Hibernate学习之属性级别注解

时间:2023-03-10 06:03:18
Hibernate学习之属性级别注解

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属性级别注解

  添加方式

    1. 写在属性字段上面

    2. 写在属性getter方法上面

  @Id:必须,定义了映射到数据库表的主键属性,一个实体可以有一个或多个属性被映射为主键(如果有多个属性定义为主键属性,则必须实现Serializable接口)

  @EmbeddableId:可选,使用嵌入式主键类实现复合主键(嵌入式主键类必须实现Serializable接口、必须有默认的无参构造器、必须覆盖equals和hashCode方法)

  @GeneratedValue:可选,用于定义主键生成策略(@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.*, generator=""))

    strategy:定义主键生成策略

      - GenerationType.AUTO:根据底层数据库自动选择(默认)

      - GenerationType.IDENTITY:根据数据库的Identity字段生成

      - GenerationType.SEQUENCE:根据Sequence来决定主键的取值

      - GenerationType.TABLE:使用指定表来决定主键取值,结合@TableGenerator使用

    generator:引用@GenericGenerator指定的主键生成策略

  @Column:可选,将属性映射到列,使用该注解来覆盖默认值

    常用属性:

      - name:可选,表示数据库中该字段的名称,默认与属性名称一致

      - nullable:可选,表示该字段是否允许为null,默认true

      - unique:可选,表示该字段是否是唯一标识,默认false

      - length:可选,表示该字段的长度,仅对String类型的字段有效,默认255(如果是主键则不能使用默认值)

      - insertable:可选,表示在ORM框架执行插入操作时,该字段是否出现在insert语句中,默认true

      - updateable:可选,表示在ORM框架执行更新操作时,该字段是否出现在update语句中,默认true

              (对于一经创建就不能修改的字段,该属性非常有效。eg:出生日期、插入时间等)

  @Embeddable:可选,表示该属性的类是嵌入类(嵌入类也必须标注@Embeddable注解)

  @Transient:可选,表示该属性并非一个数据库表的字段的映射,ORM框架将忽略该属性

实例

1.项目结构

Hibernate学习之属性级别注解

2.pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>Hibernate-AttributeAnnotation</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<hibernate.version>5.1.7.Final</hibernate.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<!-- Junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.42</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

3.StudentPK.java

package org.hibernate.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator; /**
* 学生主键类
*
*/
public class StudentPK implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @GeneratedValue
private long sid;// 学号 @GeneratedValue(generator="custom")
@GenericGenerator(name="custom", strategy="assigned")
@Column(length = 18)
private String id; // 身份证号 public StudentPK() { } public StudentPK(long sid, String id) {
this.sid = sid;
this.id = id;
} public long getSid() {
return sid;
} public void setSid(long sid) {
this.sid = sid;
} public String getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
} @Override
public int hashCode() {
return super.hashCode();
} @Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return super.equals(obj);
} }

4.Address.java

package org.hibernate.model;

import javax.persistence.Embeddable;

/**
* 地址类
*
*/
@Embeddable
public class Address { private String postCode;// 邮编 private String address;// 地址 private String telephone;// 电话 public Address() { } public Address(String postCode, String address, String telephone) {
this.postCode = postCode;
this.address = address;
this.telephone = telephone;
} public String getPostCode() {
return postCode;
} public void setPostCode(String postCode) {
this.postCode = postCode;
} public String getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
} public String getTelephone() {
return telephone;
} public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
this.telephone = telephone;
} }

5.Student.java

package org.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Embedded;
import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Transient; @Entity
@Table(name="t_student")
public class Student { @EmbeddedId
public StudentPK id;// 主键 public String name;// 姓名 public String sex;// 性别 public Date birthday;// 出生日期 @Embedded
public Address address;// 地址 @Transient
public String gf;// 女朋友 public Student(StudentPK id, String name, String sex, Date birthday, Address address, String gf) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.address = address;
this.gf = gf;
} public StudentPK getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(StudentPK id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public String getSex() {
return sex;
} public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
} public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
} public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
} public Address getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
} public String getGf() {
return gf;
} public void setGf(String gf) {
this.gf = gf;
} }

6.hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration> <!-- SessionFactory配置 -->
<session-factory> <!-- 数据库配置 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">***</property>
<property name="connection.url">
jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useSSL=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property> <!-- 使用常用配置 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
         <property name="format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property> <!-- 引入映射类 -->
<mapping class="org.hibernate.model.Student"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>

7.TestAttributeAnnotation.java

package org.hibernate.test;

import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.model.Address;
import org.hibernate.model.Student;
import org.hibernate.model.StudentPK;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test; public class TestAttributeAnnotation { private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session;
private Transaction transaction; @Before
public void before() { sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();// 创建SessionFactory对象
session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 获取Session对象
transaction = session.beginTransaction();// 开启事务 } @After
public void after() { transaction.commit();// 提交事务
session.clear();// 关闭Session
sessionFactory.close();// 关闭SessionFactory } @Test
public void testAnnotation() { Address address = new Address("100000", "北京市", "15812345678");
StudentPK pk = new StudentPK(1L, "123456780123456789");
Student student = new Student(pk, "张三", "男", new Date(), address, "李四");
session.save(student); } }

8.效果预览

  8.1 console

Hibernate学习之属性级别注解

  8.2 自动生成的表结构

Hibernate学习之属性级别注解

  8.3 数据

Hibernate学习之属性级别注解

参考:http://www.imooc.com/learn/524