教程-Delphi多线程数据库查询(ADO)

时间:2023-03-09 13:41:07
教程-Delphi多线程数据库查询(ADO)

ADO多线程数据库查询通常会出现以下问题:

1、CoInitialize 没有调用(CoInitialize was not called);所以,在使用任何dbGo对象前,必须手 调用CoInitialize和CoUninitialize。调用CoInitialize失败会产生"CoInitialize was not called"例外。

2、画布不允许绘画(Canvas does not allow drawing);所以,必须通过Synchronize过程来通知主线程访问主窗体上的任何控件。

3、不能使用主ADO连接(Main TADoConnection cannot be used!);所以,线程中不能使用主线程中TADOConnection对象,每个线程必须创建自己的数据库连接。

Delphi2007安装后在X:\Program Files\Common Files\CodeGear Shared\Data目录下有一个dbdemos.mdb文件,用来作为测试的例子。dbdemos.mdb中的customer表保存了客户信息,orders表中保存了订单信息。

测试程序流程大致是这样的:在主窗体上放TADOConnection和TQuery控件,启动时这个TQuery从Customer表中查出客户编码CustNo和公司名称Company,放到三个Combox框中,分别在三个列表框中选定客户公司名称,按照公司名称所对应的客户代码建立三个线程同时在orders表中查询销售日期SaleDate分别填入ListBox中。

4、COM接口调用时必须有线程自己的接口。

如:在A线程建的COM接口,B线程调用时就提示“应用程序调用一个已为另一线程整理的接口”。这时只要在B线程建立自己独有的COM接口使用就可以了。

 {主窗体代码}
unit Main;
interface
uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants,
Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, DB, ADODB, StdCtrls;
type
TForm2 = class(TForm)
ComboBox1: TComboBox;
ComboBox2: TComboBox;
ComboBox3: TComboBox;
ListBox1: TListBox;
ListBox2: TListBox;
ListBox3: TListBox;
Button1: TButton;
ADOConnection1: TADOConnection;
ADOQuery1: TADOQuery;
Label1: TLabel;
Label2: TLabel;
Label3: TLabel;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private { Private declarations }
public { Public declarations }
end;
var Form2: TForm2;
implementation
uses
ADOThread;
{$R *.dfm} procedure TForm2.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
const
SQL_CONST='Select SaleDate from orders where CustNo = %d';
var c1,c2,c3:Integer; s1,s2,s3:string;
begin //取得三个选择框客户的编码
c1:=Integer(ComboBox1.Items.Objects[ComboBox1.ItemIndex]);
c2:=Integer(ComboBox2.Items.Objects[ComboBox2.ItemIndex]);
c3:=Integer(ComboBox3.Items.Objects[ComboBox3.ItemIndex]); //生成SQL 查询语句
s1:=Format(SQL_CONST,[c1]);
s2:=Format(SQL_CONST,[c2]);
s3:=Format(SQL_CONST,[c3]); //三个线程同时查询
TADOThread.Create(s1,ListBox1,Label1);
TADOThread.Create(s2,ListBox2,Label2);
TADOThread.Create(s3,ListBox3,Label3);
end; procedure TForm2.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
strSQL:string;
begin
strSQL:='SELECT CustNo,Company FROM customer';
ADOQuery1.Close;
ADOQuery1.SQL.Clear;
ADOQuery1.SQL.Add(strSQL);
ADOQuery1.Open;
ComboBox1.Clear;
ComboBox2.Clear;
ComboBox3.Clear; //将客户Company和相关CustNo填到ComboBox中
while not ADOQuery1.Eof do
begin
ComboBox1.AddItem(ADOQuery1.Fields[].asString, TObject(ADOQuery1.Fields[].AsInteger));
ADOQuery1.Next;
end;
ComboBox2.Items.Assign(ComboBox1.Items);
ComboBox3.Items.Assign(ComboBox1.Items); // 默认选中第一个
ComboBox1.ItemIndex := ;
ComboBox2.ItemIndex := ;
ComboBox3.ItemIndex := ;
end;
end.
 {ADO查询多线程单元}
unit ADOThread;
interface
uses
Classes,StdCtrls,ADODB;
type TADOThread = class(TThread)
private { Private declarations }
FListBox:TListBox;
FLabel:TLabel;
ConnString:WideString;
FSQLString:string;
procedure UpdateCount;
protected procedure Execute; override;
public constructor Create(SQL:string;LB:TListBox;Lab:TLabel);
end; implementation
uses
Main,SysUtils,ActiveX;
{ TADOThread } constructor TADOThread.Create(SQL: string; LB: TListBox;Lab:TLabel);
begin
ConnString:=Form2.ADOConnection1.ConnectionString;
FListBox:=LB;
FLabel:=Lab;
FSQLString:=SQL;
Inherited Create(False);
end; procedure TADOThread.Execute;
var
Qry:TADOQuery;
i:Integer;
begin { Place thread code here }
FreeOnTerminate:=True;
CoInitialize(nil); //必须调用(需Uses ActiveX)
Qry:=TADOQuery.Create(nil);
try
Qry.ConnectionString:=ConnString; //必须有自己的连接
Qry.Close;
Qry.SQL.Clear;
Qry.SQL.Add(FSQLString);
Qry.Open;
FListBox.Clear;
for i := to do //为了执行久点重复历遍数据集101次
begin
while not Qry.Eof And not Terminated do
begin
FListBox.AddItem(Qry.Fields[].asstring,nil); //如果不调用Synchronize,会出现Canvas Does NOT Allow Drawing
Synchronize(UpdateCount);
Qry.Next;
end;
Qry.First;
FListBox.AddItem('*******',nil);
end;
finally
Qry.Free;
end;
CoUninitialize;
end; procedure TADOThread.UpdateCount;
begin
FLabel.Caption:=IntToStr(FListBox.Items.Count);
end;
end.

程序运行结果可以看到三个线程同时执行。第一第三两个线程条件一样,查询的结果也一样。