背景 :在Spring Cloud Netflix栈中,各个微服务都是以HTTP接口的形式暴露自身服务的,因此在调用远程服务时就必须使用HTTP客户端。我们可以使用JDK原生的URLConnection、Apache的Http Client、Netty的异步HTTP Client, Spring的RestTemplate。但是,用起来最方便、最优雅的还是要属Feign了。Feign是一种声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端。
Contronller层通过feignClient调用微服务 获取所有任务
@Controller
@RequestMapping("tsa/task")
public class TaskController{
@Autowired
TaskFeignClient taskFeignClient; @PostMapping("/getAll")
@ResponseBody
public List<TaskVO> getAll() {
List<TaskVO> all = taskFeignClient.getAll();
return all;
}
}
@FeignClient用于通知Feign组件对该接口进行代理(不需要编写接口实现),使用者可直接通过@Autowired注入。
@FeignClient(qualifier = "taskFeignClient", name = "service-tsa",fallback = TaskFeignClientDegraded.class)
public interface TaskFeignClient {
@PostMapping(value = "taskApiController/getAll")
List<TaskVO> getAll(); }
微服务端
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("taskApiController")
public class TaskApiController{ @Autowired
private TaskService taskService; @PostMapping("/getAll")
public List<TaskVO> getAll() {
log.info("--------getAll-----");
List<TaskVO> all = taskService.getAll();
return all;
} }
坑1:
com.netflix.hystrix.exception.HystrixRuntimeException: TaskFeignClient#getAll() failed and no fallback available.
at com.netflix.hystrix.AbstractCommand$22.call(AbstractCommand.java:819)
at com.netflix.hystrix.AbstractCommand$22.call(AbstractCommand.java:804)
坑2:
坑3
报错:RequestParam.value() was empty on parameter 0
如果在FeignClient中的方法有参数传递一般要加@RequestParam(“xxx”)注解
错误写法:
@FeignClient(qualifier = "taskFeignClient", name = "service-tsa",fallback = TaskFeignClientDegraded.class)
public interface TaskFeignClient {
@PostMapping(value = "taskApiController/getAll")
List<TaskVO> getAll(String name);
} //或者
@FeignClient(qualifier = "taskFeignClient", name = "service-tsa",fallback = TaskFeignClientDegraded.class)
public interface TaskFeignClient {
@PostMapping(value = "taskApiController/getAll")
List<TaskVO> getAll(@RequestParam String name);
}
正确写法:
@PostMapping(value = "taskApiController/getAll")
List<TaskVO> getAll(@RequestParam("name") String name);
微服务那边可以不写这个注解
参考 https://blog.****.net/jxm007love/article/details/80109974
Fiegn Client with Spring Boot: RequestParam.value() was empty on parameter 0
Feign bug when use @RequestParam but not have value
https://www.xttblog.com/ 业余草
坑四:
FeignClient中post传递对象和consumes = "application/json",按照坑三的意思,应该这样写。
@FeignClient(qualifier = "taskFeignClient", name = "service-tsa",fallback = TaskFeignClientDegraded.class)
public interface TaskFeignClient {
@PostMapping(value = "taskApiController/getAll")
List<TaskVO> getAll(@RequestParam("vo") TaskVO vo); }
很意外报错
16:00:33.770 [http-apr-8086-exec-1] DEBUG c.b.p.a.s.PrimusCasAuthenticationFilter - proxyTicketRequest = false
16:00:33.770 [http-apr-8086-exec-1] DEBUG c.b.p.a.s.PrimusCasAuthenticationFilter - requiresAuthentication = false
16:00:34.415 [hystrix-service-tsa-2] DEBUG c.b.p.m.b.f.PrimusSoaFeignErrorDecoder - error json:{
"timestamp":1543564834395,
"status":500,
"error":"Internal Server Error",
"exception":"org.springframework.web.method.annotation.MethodArgumentConversionNotSupportedException","message":"Failed to convert value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'com.model.tsa.vo.TaskVO';
nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException:
Cannot convert value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'com.model.tsa.vo.TaskVO':
no matching editors or conversion strategy found","path":"/taskApiController/getAll" }
@FeignClient(qualifier = "taskFeignClient", name = "service-tsa",fallback = TaskFeignClientDegraded.class)
public interface TaskFeignClient {
@PostMapping(value = "taskApiController/getAll",,consumes = "application/json")
List<TaskVO> getAll(TaskVO vo);
}
也可以这样写
@PostMapping(value = "taskApiController/getAll")
List<TaskVO> getAll(@RequestBody TaskVO vo);
此时不用,consumes = "application/json"
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("taskApiController")
public class TaskApiController{
@Autowired
private TaskService taskService; @PostMapping("/getAll")
public List<TaskVO> getAll(@RequestBody TaskVO vo) {
log.info("--------getAll-----");
List<TaskVO> all = taskService.getAll();
return all;
}
}
我第一次写这个的时候方法参数里面什么注解都没加,可以正常跑通,但是传过去的对象却为初始值,实际上那是因为对象根本就没传
传递对象的另一种方法和多参传递
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User get0(User user);
}
然而我们测试时会发现该写法不正确,我们将会收到类似以下的异常:
{"timestamp":1482676142940,"status":405,"error":"Method Not Allowed","exception":"org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException","message":"Request method 'POST' not supported","path":"/get"}
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User get1(@RequestParam("id") Long id, @RequestParam("username") String username); }
这是最为直观的方式,URL有几个参数,Feign接口中的方法就有几个参数。使用@RequestParam注解指定请求的参数是什么。
(2) 方法二
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User get2(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> map); }
多参数的URL也可以使用Map去构建
当目标URL参数非常多的时候,可使用这种方式简化Feign接口的编写。
POST请求包含多个参数
下面我们来讨论如何使用Feign构造包含多个参数的POST请求。实际就是坑四,把参数封装成对象传递过去就可以了。
最后拓展一下
Feign的Encoder、Decoder和ErrorDecoder
@RequestMapping(value = "/group/{groupId}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
void update(@PathVariable("groupId") Integer groupId, @RequestParam("groupName") String groupName, DataObject obj);
此时因为声明的是GET请求没有请求体,所以obj参数就会被忽略。
Feign的HTTP Client
Feign在默认情况下使用的是JDK原生的URLConnection发送HTTP请求,没有连接池,但是对每个地址会保持一个长连接,即利用HTTP的persistence connection 。我们可以用Apache的HTTP Client替换Feign原始的http client, 从而获取连接池、超时时间等与性能息息相关的控制能力。Spring Cloud从Brixtion.SR5版本开始支持这种替换,首先在项目中声明Apache HTTP Client和feign-httpclient依赖:
<!-- 使用Apache HttpClient替换Feign原生httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>${feign-httpclient}</version>
</dependency>
feign.httpclient.enabled=true
通过Feign, 我们能把HTTP远程调用对开发者完全透明,得到与调用本地方法一致的编码体验。这一点与阿里Dubbo中暴露远程服务的方式类似,区别在于Dubbo是基于私有二进制协议,而Feign本质上还是个HTTP客户端。如果是在用Spring Cloud Netflix搭建微服务,那么Feign无疑是最佳选择。
原文链接: