由于安装了 JDK1.8 的版本，最近在进行整合 Struts2+Spring+Hibernate 框架的时候，不小心导入了之前下载的 Spring 3.2.0 版本的 jar 包。
结果在运行测试用例的时候，总是显示红条，报出 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 的错误。
异常描述：
1 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
2 at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext
3 (TestContext.java:157)
4 at
5 org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.
6 setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:103)
7 at
8 org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance
9 (ServletTestExecutionListener.java:73)
10 at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance
11 (TestContextManager.java:313)
12 at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest
13 (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
14 at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
15 $1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
16 at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run
17 (ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
18 at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock
19 (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
20 at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild
21 (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
22 at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild
23 (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
24 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
25 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
26 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
27 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
28 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
29 at
30 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate
31 (RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
32 at
33 org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate
34 (RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
35 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
36 at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run
37 (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
38 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run
39 (JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
40 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
41 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests
42 (RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
43 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests
44 (RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
45 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run
46 (RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
47 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main
48 (RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
49 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
50 at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
51 at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
52 at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
53 at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.<init>
54 (SimpleMetadataReader.java:52)
55 at
56 org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader
57 (SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:80)
58 at
59 org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader
60 (CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:101)
61 at
62 org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader
63 (SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:76)
64 at
65 org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassUtils.
66 checkConfigurationClassCandidate(ConfigurationClassUtils.java:70)
67 at
68 org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.
69 processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:253)
70 at
71 org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.
72 postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:223)
73 at
74 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.
75 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:630)
76 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh
77 (AbstractApplicationContext.java:461)
78 at
79 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext
80 (AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:106)
81 at
82 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext
83 (AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:57)
84 at
85 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.
86 delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
87 at
88 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext
89 (AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:248)
90 at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext
91 (TestContext.java:124)
92 at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext
93 (TestContext.java:148)
94 ... 24 more
经查明问题的原因是：安装的 JDK 版本和 Myeclipse 项目 lib 中导入的 Spring 的 jar 包版本存在不兼容的情况。
解决办法：
一：把 JDK 版本换成1.7 or 1.7以下
二：使用 Spring 4.0 RELEASE 及以上版本
关于 JDK 各个版本的下载：
可以点击链接：http://java.sun.com/products/archive/
关于 Spring 各个版本 jar 包的下载：
可以点击链接：http://repo.spring.io
鼠标点击左侧导航栏 –> 符号展开菜单选择 Artifacts 选项 –> 选择子菜单下的 libs-release-local 选项 –> 依次进入其子目录 org/springframework/spring 就可以看到 spring 各版本信息了 –> 选择需要的 spring 版本 ( 例如 4.3.8.RELEASE ，点击打开选择 spring-framework-4.3.8.RELEASE-dist.zip )，下载解压即可获得 jar 包、api 等文件。