在导入之前都需要将上传的文件保存到服务器，所以避免重复的写这些代码，先贴出上传文件并保存到服务器指定路径的代码。
protected void btnImport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Random random = new Random();
ImportClass Import = new ImportClass(); //保存文件的虚拟路径
string path = "Import/"; //获取选择的文件名
string fileName = FileUpload1.FileName; //获取文件扩展名称
string fileExt = Path.GetExtension(fileName); //生成新文件名
string newName = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssfff") + random.Next(, ).ToString(); //获取指定虚机路径的物理路径
string fullPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(path); //上传文件保存路径
string savePath = fullPath + newName + fileExt; //保存文件到服务器
FileUpload1.SaveAs(savePath); try
{
//获取导入的数据
DataSet ds = Import.ImportExcel(savePath);
if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > )
{
//这里可以写插入数据库的方法
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{ throw;
}
}
第一种：OleDB
public DataSet ImportExcel(string filePath)
{
DataSet ds = null;
OleDbConnection conn; string strConn = string.Empty;
string sheetName = string.Empty; try
{
// Excel 2003 版本连接字符串
strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + filePath + ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0; HDR=YES; IMEX=1;'";
conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);
conn.Open();
}
catch
{
// Excel 2007 以上版本连接字符串
strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=" + filePath + ";Extended Properties='Excel 12.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;'";
conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);
conn.Open();
} //获取所有的 sheet 表
DataTable dtSheetName = conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "Table" }); ds = new DataSet(); for (int i = ; i < dtSheetName.Rows.Count; i++)
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.TableName = "table" + i.ToString(); //获取表名
sheetName = dtSheetName.Rows[i]["TABLE_NAME"].ToString(); OleDbDataAdapter oleda = new OleDbDataAdapter("select * from [" + sheetName + "]", conn); oleda.Fill(dt); ds.Tables.Add(dt);
} //关闭连接，释放资源
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose(); return ds;
}
除了读取过程不太灵活之外，这种读取方式还有个弊端就是，当 Excel 数据量很大时。会非常占用内存，当内存不够时会抛出内存溢出的异常，不过一般都能适用了。
第二种：Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll
public DataSet ImportExcel(string filePath)
{
DataSet ds = null;
DataTable dt = null; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application excel = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Sheets sheets = null;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = null;
object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; try
{
if (excel == null)
{
return null;
} //打开 Excel 文件
workbook = excel.Workbooks.Open(filePath, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); //获取所有的 sheet 表
sheets = workbook.Worksheets; ds = new DataSet(); for (int i = ; i <= sheets.Count; i++)
{
//获取第一个表
worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(i); int rowCount = worksheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count;
int colCount = worksheet.UsedRange.Columns.Count; int rowIndex = ; //起始行为 1
int colIndex = ; //起始列为 1 DataColumn dc;
dt = new DataTable();
dt.TableName = "table" + i.ToString(); //读取列名
for (int j = ; j < colCount; j++)
{
range = worksheet.Cells[rowIndex, colIndex + j]; dc = new DataColumn();
dc.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String");
dc.ColumnName = range.Text.ToString().Trim(); //添加列
dt.Columns.Add(dc);
} //读取行数据
for (int k = ; k < rowCount; k++)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
for (int l = ; l < colCount; l++)
{
range = worksheet.Cells[rowIndex + k, colIndex + l]; //使用 range.Value.ToString(); 或 range.Value2.ToString(); 或 range.Text.ToString(); 都可以获取单元格的值
dr[l] = range.Text.ToString();
}
dt.Rows.Add(dr.ItemArray);
} ds.Tables.Add(dt);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
}
finally
{
workbook.Close(); //关闭退出
excel.Quit(); //释放 COM 对象
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(worksheet);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbook);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excel); worksheet = null;
workbook = null;
excel = null; GC.Collect();
} return ds;
}
这种方法首先需要安装有 office Excel，并且是一个单元格一个单元格的读取，所以性能会比较差。
第三种：NPOI
public DataSet ImportExcel(string filePath)
{
DataSet ds = null; try
{
//打开文件
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open); XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileStream); ISheet sheet = null;
IRow row = null; ds = new DataSet();
DataTable dt = null; for (int i = ; i < workbook.Count; i++)
{
dt = new DataTable();
dt.TableName = "table" + i.ToString(); //获取 sheet 表
sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(i); //起始行索引
int rowIndex = sheet.FirstRowNum; //获取行数
int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; //获取第一行
IRow firstRow = sheet.GetRow(rowIndex); //起始列索引
int colIndex = firstRow.FirstCellNum; //获取列数
int colCount = firstRow.LastCellNum; DataColumn dc = null; //获取列名
for (int j = colIndex; j < colCount; j++)
{
dc = new DataColumn(firstRow.GetCell(j).StringCellValue);
dt.Columns.Add(dc);
} //跳过第一行列名
rowIndex++; for (int k = rowIndex; k <= rowCount; k++)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
row = sheet.GetRow(k); for (int l = colIndex; l < colCount; l++)
{
if (row.GetCell(l) == null)
{
continue;
}
dr[l] = row.GetCell(l).StringCellValue;
} dt.Rows.Add(dr);
} ds.Tables.Add(dt);
} sheet = null;
workbook = null; fileStream.Close();
fileStream.Dispose();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
} return ds;
}
我这里用的是 .xlsx 格式的，也就是 Excel 2007 及以上版本，2003 版本的话方法类似，只是打开文件的操作类不一样。
// 2007 及以上版本
XSSFWorkbook xWorkbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileStream); // 2003 版本
HSSFWorkbook hWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileStream);
第四种：Aspose.Cells.dll
public DataSet ImportExcel(string filePath)
{
DataSet ds = null; try
{
Aspose.Cells.Workbook workbook = new Aspose.Cells.Workbook(); //打开文件，参数可以是文件的路径，也可以直接传入一个文件流
workbook.Open(filePath); //获取 sheet 表
Aspose.Cells.Worksheets worksheets = workbook.Worksheets; Aspose.Cells.Worksheet worksheet = null; Aspose.Cells.Cells cells = null; ds = new DataSet();
DataTable dt = null; int rowIndex = ; //起始行
int colIndex = ; //起始列 for (int i = ; i < worksheets.Count; i++)
{
dt = new DataTable();
dt.TableName = "table" + i.ToString(); worksheet = worksheets[i]; //获取每个 sheet 表的所有单元格
cells = worksheet.Cells; dt = cells.ExportDataTableAsString(rowIndex, colIndex, cells.MaxDataRow + , cells.MaxDataColumn + , true); ds.Tables.Add(dt);
} worksheets.Clear(); worksheet = null;
worksheets = null;
workbook = null;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
} return ds;
}
这种方法操作比较方便，跟 OleDB 一样直接获取一个 sheet 表的数据，不用一个单元格一个单元格的获取。而且操作也比较灵活，你可以一行一行的获取数据，甚至一个单元格一个单元格的获取数据。
第五种：EPPlus
public DataSet ImportExcel(string filePath)
{
DataSet ds = null; try
{
//打开文件
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open); //读取文件流
ExcelPackage package = new ExcelPackage(fileStream); //获取 sheet 表
ExcelWorksheets worksheets = package.Workbook.Worksheets; ExcelWorksheet worksheet = null; ds = new DataSet();
DataTable dt = null; for (int i = ; i <= worksheets.Count; i++)
{
dt = new DataTable();
dt.TableName = "table" + i.ToString(); worksheet = worksheets[i]; //获取行数
int rowCount = worksheet.Dimension.End.Row; //获取列数
int colCount = worksheet.Dimension.End.Column; //起始行为 1
int rowIndex = worksheet.Dimension.Start.Row; //起始列为 1
int colIndex = worksheet.Dimension.Start.Column; DataColumn dc = null; for (int j = colIndex; j <= colCount; j++)
{
dc = new DataColumn(worksheet.Cells[rowIndex, j].Value.ToString());
dt.Columns.Add(dc);
} rowIndex++; for (int k = rowIndex; k <= rowCount; k++)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); for (int l = colIndex; l <= colCount; l++)
{
if (worksheet.GetValue(k, l) == null)
{
continue;
} dr[l - ] = worksheet.GetValue(k, l).ToString();
} dt.Rows.Add(dr);
} ds.Tables.Add(dt);
} package.Dispose(); worksheet = null;
worksheets = null;
package = null; fileStream.Close();
fileStream.Dispose();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
} return ds;
}
这种方法读取 Excel 数据性能还不错，但是要注意的是，sheet、row、col 的起始值都是从 1 开始的。