paramiko 堡垒机

时间：2023-03-09 09:13:28
paramiko 堡垒机

用paramiko写堡垒机

paramiko

paramiko模块，基于SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作。

基本用法

SSHClient

基于用户名密码连接：

基础用法:

import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123')

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

print stdout.read()

transport.close()

由此我们可以看出来,ssh执行命令时,我们可以使用sshclient transport两种方式来实现

基于公钥密钥连接:

基础用法:

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

封装transport:

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

transport.close()

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载：

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

基于公钥密钥上传下载:

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

有此看出,如果只做上传下载方式的话,我们只能使用transport,其实无论是ssh,还是sftp,都是调用了transport,基于socket实现的

生产需求:上传某文件并覆盖

demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import paramiko

import uuid

class SSHConnection(object):

    def __init__(self, host='172.16.103.191', port=22, username='wupeiqi',pwd='123'):

        self.host = host

        self.port = port

        self.username = username

        self.pwd = pwd

        self.__k = None

    def create_file(self):

        file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())

        with open(file_name,'w') as f:

            f.write('sb')

        return file_name

    def run(self):

        self.connect()

        self.upload('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')

        self.rename('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py', '/home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py)

        self.close()

    def connect(self):

        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))

        transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)

        self.__transport = transport

    def close(self):

        self.__transport.close()

    def upload(self,target_path):

        # 连接，上传

        file_name = self.create_file()

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)

        # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

        sftp.put(file_name, target_path)

    def rename(self, old_path, new_path):

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

        ssh._transport = self.__transport

        # 执行命令

        cmd = "mv %s %s" % (old_path, new_path,)

        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)

        # 获取命令结果

        result = stdout.read()

    def cmd(self, command):

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

        ssh._transport = self.__transport

        # 执行命令

        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)

        # 获取命令结果

        result = stdout.read()

        return result

ha = SSHConnection()

ha.run()

对于更多限制命令，需要在系统中设置:

位置:/etc/sudoers,代码:

Defaults    requiretty

Defaults:cmdb    !requiretty

堡垒机

执行流程:

  1. 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
  2. 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
  3. 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
  4. 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

需要注意的是,如果想实现用户登录后直接操作,需要配置下堡垒机用户家目录的.bashrc文件:

/usr/bin/env python $PATH/s7.py

logout

将这两行假如即可.

看下实现方式:

简单调用:

import paramiko

import sys

import os

import socket

import select

import getpass

tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.4.193', 22,))

tran.start_client()

tran.auth_password('root', '7ujm8ik,')

# 打开一个通道

chan = tran.open_session()

# 获取一个终端

chan.get_pty()

# 激活器

chan.invoke_shell()

#########

# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作

# 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器

# 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回

# 用户终端显示内容

#########

交互操作(无tab)

import paramiko

import sys

import os

import socket

import select

import getpass

from paramiko.py3compat import u

tran = paramiko.Transport(('10.211.55.4', 22,))

tran.start_client()

tran.auth_password('wupeiqi', '123')

# 打开一个通道

chan = tran.open_session()

# 获取一个终端

chan.get_pty()

# 激活器

chan.invoke_shell()

while True:

    # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据

    # sys.stdin 处理用户输入

    # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息

    readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)

    if chan in readable:

        try:

            x = u(chan.recv(1024))

            if len(x) == 0:

                print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')

                break

            sys.stdout.write(x)

            sys.stdout.flush()

        except socket.timeout:

            pass

    if sys.stdin in readable:

        inp = sys.stdin.readline()

        chan.sendall(inp)

chan.close()

tran.close()

但此次我们会发现,没有tab补全,跟我们真是在shell里执行命令还是略有差距的,那么来第二个.

交互操作(有tab功能)

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*-coding=utf-8-*-

# Auther:ccorz Mail:ccniubi@163.com Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/ccorz/

# GitHub:https://github.com/ccorzorz

import paramiko

import sys

import os

import socket

import select

import getpass

import termios

import tty

from paramiko.py3compat import u

tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.4.193', 22,))

tran.start_client()

tran.auth_password('root', '7ujm8ik,')

# 打开一个通道

chan = tran.open_session()

# 获取一个终端

chan.get_pty()

# 激活器

chan.invoke_shell()

# 获取原tty属性

oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)

try:

    # 为tty设置新属性

    # 默认当前tty设备属性：

    #   输入一行回车，执行

    #   CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。

    # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号

    # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器

    tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

    chan.settimeout(0.0)

    while True:

        # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）

        # 阻塞，直到句柄可读

        r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)

        if chan in r:

            try:

                x = u(chan.recv(1024))

                if len(x) == 0:

                    print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')

                    break

                sys.stdout.write(x)

                sys.stdout.flush()

            except socket.timeout:

                pass

        if sys.stdin in r:

            x = sys.stdin.read(1)

            if len(x) == 0:

                break

            chan.send(x)

finally:

    # 重新设置终端属性,必须设置,否则再次登录后无法使用

    termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

chan.close()

tran.close()

生产需求

在生产中,我们还需要更多的需求:

  1. 有日志记录,我们可以把管理员的每一条记录都记录到数据库中
  2. tab补全时,记录的中间会有空格之类的需要处理

我们来看下怎么实现:

import paramiko

import sys

import os

import socket

import getpass

# from paramiko.py3compat import u

# windows does not have termios...

try:

    import termios

    import tty

    has_termios = True

except ImportError:

    has_termios = False

def interactive_shell(chan):

    if has_termios:

        posix_shell(chan)

    else:

        windows_shell(chan)

def posix_shell(chan):

    import select

    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)

    try:

        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())

        chan.settimeout(0.0)

        f = open('handle.log','a+')

        tab_flag = False

        temp_list = []

        while True:

            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])

            if chan in r:

                try:

                    x = chan.recv(1024)

                    if len(x) == 0:

                        sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')

                        break

                    if tab_flag:

                        if x.startswith('\r\n'):

                            pass

                        else:

                            f.write(x)

                            f.flush()

                        tab_flag = False

                    sys.stdout.write(x)

                    sys.stdout.flush()

                except socket.timeout:

                    pass

            if sys.stdin in r:

                x = sys.stdin.read(1)

                if len(x) == 0:

                    break

                if x == '\t':

                    tab_flag = True

                else:

                    f.write(x)

                    f.flush()

                chan.send(x)

    finally:

        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

def windows_shell(chan):

    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")

    def writeall(sock):

        while True:

            data = sock.recv(256)

            if not data:

                sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')

                sys.stdout.flush()

                break

            sys.stdout.write(data)

            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))

    writer.start()

    try:

        while True:

            d = sys.stdin.read(1)

            if not d:

                break

            chan.send(d)

    except EOFError:

        # user hit ^Z or F6

        pass

def run():

    # 获取当前登录用户

"""

    host_list = [

        {'host': "192.168.11.139", 'username': 'oldboy', 'pwd': "123"},

        {'host': "192.168.11.138", 'username': 'oldboy', 'pwd': "123"},

        {'host': "192.168.11.137", 'username': 'oldboy', 'pwd': "123"},

    ]

    for item in enumerate(host_list, 1):

        print(item['host'])

    num = raw_input('序号：')

    sel_host = host_list[int(num) -1]

    hostname = sel_host['host']

    username = sel_host['username']

    pwd = sel_host['pwd']

    print(hostname,username,pwd)

"""

    tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))

    tran.start_client()

    tran.auth_password(username, pwd)

    # 打开一个通道

    chan = tran.open_session()

    # 获取一个终端

    chan.get_pty()

    # 激活器

    chan.invoke_shell()

    interactive_shell(chan)

    chan.close()

    tran.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    run()

银角究极版

珍藏下吧:

import paramiko

import sys

import os

import socket

import getpass

from paramiko.py3compat import u

# windows does not have termios...

try:

    import termios

    import tty

    has_termios = True

except ImportError:

    has_termios = False

def interactive_shell(chan):

    if has_termios:

        posix_shell(chan)

    else:

        windows_shell(chan)

def posix_shell(chan):

    import select

    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)

    try:

        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())

        chan.settimeout(0.0)

        log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8')

        flag = False

        temp_list = []

        while True:

            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])

            if chan in r:

                try:

                    x = u(chan.recv(1024))

                    if len(x) == 0:

                        sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')

                        break

                    if flag:

                        if x.startswith('\r\n'):

                            pass

                        else:

                            temp_list.append(x)

                        flag = False

                    sys.stdout.write(x)

                    sys.stdout.flush()

                except socket.timeout:

                    pass

            if sys.stdin in r:

                x = sys.stdin.read(1)

                import json

                if len(x) == 0:

                    break

                if x == '\t':

                    flag = True

                else:

                    temp_list.append(x)

                if x == '\r':

                    log.write(''.join(temp_list))

                    log.flush()

                    temp_list.clear()

                chan.send(x)

    finally:

        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

def windows_shell(chan):

    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")

    def writeall(sock):

        while True:

            data = sock.recv(256)

            if not data:

                sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')

                sys.stdout.flush()

                break

            sys.stdout.write(data)

            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))

    writer.start()

    try:

        while True:

            d = sys.stdin.read(1)

            if not d:

                break

            chan.send(d)

    except EOFError:

        # user hit ^Z or F6

        pass

def run():

    default_username = getpass.getuser()

    username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username)

    if len(username) == 0:

        username = default_username

    hostname = input('Hostname: ')

    if len(hostname) == 0:

        print('*** Hostname required.')

        sys.exit(1)

    tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))

    tran.start_client()

    default_auth = "p"

    auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)

    if len(auth) == 0:

        auth = default_auth

    if auth == 'r':

        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

        path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)

        if len(path) == 0:

            path = default_path

        try:

            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)

        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:

            password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')

            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)

        tran.auth_publickey(username, key)

    else:

        pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))

        tran.auth_password(username, pw)

    # 打开一个通道

    chan = tran.open_session()

    # 获取一个终端

    chan.get_pty()

    # 激活器

    chan.invoke_shell()

    interactive_shell(chan)

    chan.close()

    tran.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    run()

数据库模型

其实堡垒机的难点是在数据库的设计上

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*-coding=utf-8-*-

# Auther:ccorz Mail:ccniubi@163.com Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/ccorz/

# GitHub:https://github.com/ccorzorz

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, and_, or_, func, Table

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, DateTime

from  sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:7ujm8ik,@192.168.4.193:3306/test13", max_overflow=5)

Base = declarative_base()  # 生成一个SqlORM 基类

class UserProfile2HostUser(Base):

    __tablename__ = 'userprofile_2_hostuser'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)

    userprofile_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('user_profile.id'),primary_key=True)

    hostuser_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('host_user.id'),primary_key=True)

    # userprofile = relationship('UserProfile',secondary=lambda :)

class Host(Base):

    __tablename__ = 'host'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)

    hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)

    ip_addr = Column(String(128), unique=True, nullable=False)

    port = Column(Integer, default=22)

class HostUser(Base):

    __tablename__ = 'host_user'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)

    AuthTypes = [

        (u'ssh-passwd', u'SSH/Password'),

        (u'ssh-key', u'SSH/KEY'),

    ]

    auth_type = Column(String(64))

    username = Column(String(64), nullable=False)

    password = Column(String(255))

    host_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('host.id'))

    host = relationship('Host', backref='uu')

    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint(u'host_id', u'username', name='_host_username_uc'),)

class Group(Base):

    __tablename__ = 'group'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)

    name = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)

#

# obj = session.query(HostUser.username,HostUser.password,Host.hostname,Host.port).join(Host).filter(HostUser.id == 1).first()

# (用户名，密码，主机名，端口)

class UserProfile(Base):

    __tablename__ = 'user_profile'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

    username = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)

    # 存密码感觉没什么卵用

    # password = Column(String(255),nullable=False)

    # 如果是一个人只能在一个组下

    group_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('group.id'))

    #需要这么加secondary,否则插入数据时会报错

    host_list = relationship('HostUser', secondary=lambda :UserProfile2HostUser.__table__, backref='userprofiles')

"""

# 输入用户名和密码：

#

obj = session.query(UserProfile).filter(username=输入的用户名, password=输入的密码).first()

if not obj:

    # 堡垒机登录用户对象

    # 输入这个人的所有机器

    obj.host_list # 当前堡垒机登录用户，所有的服务器用户名

    #

    for item  in obj.host_list:

        # item,是一个HostUser对象

        item.password,item.username,

        # item.host 对象，host对象

        item.host.hostname,item.host.port

    # item 目标机器HostUser对象

    host_obj = input(:...)

    session.add(AuditLog(userprofile_id=obj.id,hostuser_id = host_obj.id, "ifconfig"))

"""

class Log(Base):

    __tablename__ = 'log'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

    userprofile_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('user_profile.id'))

    hostuser_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('host_user.id'))

    cmd = Column(String(255))

    date = Column(DateTime)

# class Session:

#     session = None

#     def __init__(self):

#         self.engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:7ujm8ik,@192.168.4.193:3306/test13", max_overflow=5)

#         self.ss = sessionmaker(bind=self.engine)

#         self.obj = ss()

#         self.Session.session = obj

#

#     @classmethod

#     def instance(cls):

#         if not cls.session:

#             cls()

#         return cls.session

# ss = Session()

# 定义初始化数据库函数

def init_db():

    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

# init_db()

# 删除数据库函数

def drop_db():

    Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)

# drop_db()

# 实例化数据库操作对象为session

Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

ss = Session()

#

# ss.add_all([

#     Group(id=1, name='DBA'),

#     Group(id=2, name='SA')

# ])

#

# ss.add_all([

#     UserProfile(id=1,username='chengc',group_id=2),

#     UserProfile(id=2,username='root',group_id=2)

# ])

#

# ss.add_all([

#     Host(id=1,hostname='test',ip_addr='192.168.4.193',port=22),

#     Host(id=2,hostname='zhongrt1',ip_addr='223.202.101.164',port=43228)

# ])

#

# ss.add_all([

#     HostUser(id=1,auth_type='pwd',username='root',password='7ujm8ik,',host_id=1),

#     HostUser(id=2,auth_type='pwd',username='root',password='asdf',host_id=2)

# ])

#

# ss.add_all([

#     UserProfile2HostUser(userprofile_id=1,hostuser_id=1),

#     UserProfile2HostUser(userprofile_id=2,hostuser_id=1)

# ])

# #

# ss.add_all([Group(id=3,name='SB')])

ss.commit()