django--form相关

时间：2023-03-09 16:30:04
django--form相关

简单用法：

Django提供 Form组件：
            1. 定义规则
                from django.forms import Form
                from django.forms import fields
                class xxx(Form):
                    xx = fields.CharField(required=True,max_lenght.,min,error_message=)
  
            2. 使用
                          
                obj = xxx(request.POST)
                # 是否校验成功
                v = obj.is_valid()
                    # html标签name属性 = Form类字段名
                # 所有错误信息
                obj.errors
                
                # 正确信息
                obj.cleaned_data

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import fields

class LoginForm(Form):

    # 正则验证: 不能为空,6-18

    username = fields.CharField(

        max_length=18,

        min_length=6,

        required=True,

        error_messages={

            'required': '用户名不能为空',

            'min_length': '太短了',

            'max_length': '太长了',

        }

    )

    # 正则验证: 不能为空，16+

    password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True)

    # email = fields.EmailField()

    # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()

    # email = fields.IntegerField()

def login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request,'login.html')

    else:

       obj = LoginForm(request.POST)

       if obj.is_valid():

           # 用户输入格式正确

           print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典类型

           return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')

       else:

           # 用户输入格式错误

           return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})

    <form method="POST" action="/login/">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>

            用户：<input type="text" name="username"/>{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}

        </p>

        <p>

            密码：<input type="password" name="password"/>{{ obj.errors.password.0 }}

        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="提交" />{{ msg }}

    </form>

wupeiqi/articles/5703697.html

1 校验字段功能

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

模型：models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)

    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email=models.EmailField(

模版文件
复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <div>

        <label for="user">用户名</label>

        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="pwd">密码</label>

        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>

        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>

    </div>

     <div>

        <label for="email">邮箱</label>

        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>

    </div>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

</body>

</html>

视图函数

# forms组件

from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,

                         widget=wid_01

                         )

    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)

    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)

    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)

    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        form=UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)       #

            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}

            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]

        return HttpResponse("OK")

    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

2 渲染标签功能

渲染方式一

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>

<body>

<h3>注册页面</h3>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">

                    {% csrf_token %}

                    <div>

                        <label for="">用户名</label>

                        {{ form.name }}

                    </div>

                    <div>

                        <label for="">密码</label>

                        {{ form.pwd }}

                    </div>

                    <div>

                        <label for="">确认密码</label>

                        {{ form.r_pwd }}

                    </div>

                    <div>

                        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>

                        {{ form.email }}

                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

                </form>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

渲染方式二 （推荐）

<form action="" method="post">

                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}

                        <div>

                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>

                            {{ field }}

                        </div>

                    {% endfor %}

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

渲染方式三

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

3 渲染错误信息功能

视图

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        form=UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)       #

            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}

            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]

        return render(request,"register.html",locals())

    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>

    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}

        <div>

            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>

            {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>

        </div>

    {% endfor %}

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">

</form>

4 组件的参数配置

class Ret(Form):

    name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名',

                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误', 'max_length': '太长',

                                           'min_length': '太短'},

                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))

    pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))

    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'})

5 局部钩子 (针对字段添加自己需要的，重写函数)

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError

def clean_name(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:

            return val

        else:

            raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")

    def clean_tel(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val)==11:

            return val

        else:

            raise  ValidationError("手机号格式错误")

6 全局钩子 (添加全局的认证，重写函数)

def clean(self):

        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')

        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

        if pwd and r_pwd:

            if pwd==r_pwd:

                return self.cleaned_data

            else:

                raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')

        else:

            return self.cleaned_data

获取全局的错误信息     pwd_err=my_form.errors.get('__all__')

例子

MyForm
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from app01.myforms import *

def reg(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        print(request.POST)

        #form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})

        form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致

        print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"email":"123@qq.com"}

            # print(form.errors)        # {"name":[".........."]}

            # print(type(form.errors))  # ErrorDict

            # print(form.errors.get("name"))

            # print(type(form.errors.get("name")))    # ErrorList

            # print(form.errors.get("name")[0])

            #   全局钩子错误

            #print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])

            errors=form.errors.get("__all__")

            return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

        '''

        form.is_valid()   :返回布尔值

        form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}

        form.errors       :{"name":[".........."]}

        '''

    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

视图函数

视图函数

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <style>

        .error{

            color: red;

        }

    </style>

    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"

    integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            {#<h3>简单form</h3>#}

            {##}

            {##}

            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}

            {#    {% csrf_token %}#}

            {#    <p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#}

            {#    <p>密码 <input type="text" name="pwd"></p>#}

            {#    <p>确认密码 <input type="text" name="r_pwd"></p>#}

            {#    <p>邮箱  <input type="text" name="email"></p>#}

            {#    <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>#}

            {#    <input type="submit">#}

            {##}

            {#</form>#}

            <hr>

            <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>

            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

                {% csrf_token %}

                <p>{{ form.name.label }}

                    {{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>

                </p>

                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }}

                    {{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>

                </p>

                <p>确认密码

                    {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span>

                </p>

                <p>邮箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <p>手机号 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>

                <input type="submit">

            </form>

            {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式2</h3>#}

            {##}

            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}

            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}

            {##}

            {#    {% for field in form %}#}

            {##}

            {#        <div>#}

            {#            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#}

            {#            {{ field }}#}

            {#        </div>#}

            {##}

            {#    {% endfor %}#}

            {##}

            {#     <input type="submit">#}

            {#</form>#}

            {##}

            {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式3</h3>#}

            {##}

            {#<form action="" method="post">#}

            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}

            {##}

            {#     {{ form.as_p }}#}

            {##}

            {#     <input type="submit">#}

            {#</form>#}

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

模版文件

模板文件

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