----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--有输入参数的存储过程--
create proc GetComment
(@commentid int)
as
select * from Comment where CommentID=@commentid
--有输入与输出参数的存储过程--
create proc GetCommentCount
@newsid int,
@count int output
as
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
--返回单个值的函数--
create function MyFunction
(@newsid int)
returns int
as
begin
declare @count int
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
return @count
end
--调用方法--
declare @count int
exec @count=MyFunction 2
print @count
--返回值为表的函数--
Create function GetFunctionTable
(@newsid int)
returns table
as
return
(select * from Comment where NewsID=@newsid)
--返回值为表的函数的调用--
select * from GetFunctionTable(2)
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SQLServer 存储过程中不拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询
以前拼接的写法
set @sql=' select * from table where 1=1 '
if (@addDate is not null)
set @sql = @sql+' and addDate = '+ @addDate + ' '
if (@name <>'' and is not null)
set @sql = @sql+ ' and name = ' + @name + ' '
exec(@sql)
下面是 不采用拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询的解决方案
第一种写法是 感觉代码有些冗余
if (@addDate is not null) and (@name <> '')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate and name = @name
else if (@addDate is not null) and (@name ='')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name <> '')
select * from table where and name = @name
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name = '')
select * from table
第二种写法是
select * from table where (addDate = @addDate or @addDate is null) and (name = @name or @name = '')
第三种写法是
SELECT * FROM table where
addDate = CASE @addDate IS NULL THEN addDate ELSE @addDate END,
name = CASE @name WHEN '' THEN name ELSE @name END
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SQLSERVER存储过程基本语法
一、定义变量
declare @user1 nvarchar(50)
|
declare @user2 nvarchar(50)
|
select @user2 = Name from ST_User where ID=1
|
declare @user3 nvarchar(50)
|
update ST_User set @user3 = Name where ID=1
|
二、表、临时表、表变量
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
|
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
|
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
|
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
|
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL
|
insert into #DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx, Name ,[ Password ],State) values (100,2, 'LS' , '0000' , '临时' , '321' , '特殊' );
|
--从ST_User查询数据,填充至新生成的临时表 |
select * into #DU_User2 from ST_User where ID<8
|
select * from #DU_User2 where ID<3 union select * from #DU_User1
|
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
|
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
|
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
|
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
|
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL ,
|
insert into #t select * from ST_User
|
--select * into #t from dbo.ST_User |
alter table #t add [myid] int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1)
|
alter table #t add [myid1] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL default (newid())
|
select IDENTITY( int ,1,1) as ID, Name ,[Login],[ Password ] into #t from ST_User
|
select ( select SUM (1) from ST_User where ID<= a.ID) as myID,* from ST_User a order by myID
|
insert into @t values (1, '1' )
|
insert into @t values (2, '2' )
|
三、循环
四、条件语句
declare @week nvarchar(3)
|
五、游标
declare @Login varchar (50)
|
declare user_cur cursor for select ID,Oid,[Login] from ST_User
|
fetch next from user_cur into @ID,@Oid,@Login
|
六、触发器
触发器中的临时表:
Inserted
存放进行insert和update 操作后的数据
Deleted
存放进行delete 和update操作前的数据
Create trigger User_OnUpdate
|
declare @msg nvarchar(50)
|
select @msg = N '姓名从“' + Deleted. Name + N '”修改为“' + Inserted. Name + '”' from Inserted,Deleted
|
insert into [LOG](MSG) values (@msg)
|
drop trigger User_OnUpdate
|
七、存储过程
execute PR_Sum 1,2,@mysum output
|
execute @mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2
|
八、自定义函数
函数的分类:
1)标量值函数
2)表值函数
a:内联表值函数
b:多语句表值函数
3)系统函数
create function FUNC_Sum1
|
create function FUNC_UserTab_1
|
return ( select * from ST_User where ID<@myId)
|
create function FUNC_UserTab_2
|
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
|
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
|
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
|
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
|
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL
|
insert into @t select * from ST_User where ID<@myId
|
select * from dbo.FUNC_UserTab_1(15)
|
set @s=dbo.FUNC_Sum1(100,50)
|
谈谈自定义函数与存储过程的区别:
一、自定义函数:
1. 可以返回表变量
2. 限制颇多,包括
不能使用output参数;
不能用临时表;
函数内部的操作不能影响到外部环境;
不能通过select返回结果集;
不能update,delete,数据库表;
3. 必须return 一个标量值或表变量
自定义函数一般用在复用度高,功能简单单一,争对性强的地方。
二、存储过程
1. 不能返回表变量
2. 限制少,可以执行对数据库表的操作,可以返回数据集
3. 可以return一个标量值,也可以省略return
存储过程一般用在实现复杂的功能,数据操纵方面。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SqlServer存储过程--实例
实例1:只返回单一记录集的存储过程。
表银行存款表(bankMoney)的内容如下
Id
|
userID
|
Sex
|
Money
|
001
|
Zhangsan
|
男
|
30
|
002
|
Wangwu
|
男
|
50
|
003
|
Zhangsan
|
男
|
40
|
要求1:查询表bankMoney的内容的存储过程
create procedure sp_query_bankMoney
as
select * from bankMoney
go
exec sp_query_bankMoney
注* 在使用过程中只需要把T-Sql中的SQL语句替换为存储过程名,就可以了很方便吧!
实例2(向存储过程中传递参数):
加入一笔记录到表bankMoney,并查询此表中userID= Zhangsan的所有存款的总金额。
Create proc insert_bank @param1 char(10),@param2 varchar(20),@param3 varchar(20),@param4 int,@param5 int output
with encryption ---------加密
as
insert into bankMoney (id,userID,sex,Money)
Values(@param1,@param2,@param3, @param4)
select @param5=sum(Money) from bankMoney where userID='Zhangsan'
go
在SQL Server查询分析器中执行该存储过程的方法是:
declare @total_price int
exec insert_bank '004','Zhangsan','男',100,@total_price output
print '总余额为'+convert(varchar,@total_price)
go
在这里再啰嗦一下存储过程的3种传回值(方便正在看这个例子的朋友不用再去查看语法内容):
1.以Return传回整数
2.以output格式传回参数
3.Recordset
传回值的区别:
output和return都可在批次程式中用变量接收,而recordset则传回到执行批次的客户端中。
实例3:使用带有复杂 SELECT 语句的简单过程
下面的存储过程从四个表的联接中返回所有作者(提供了姓名)、出版的书籍以及出版社。该存储过程不使用任何参数。
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'au_info_all' AND type = 'P')
DROP PROCEDURE au_info_all
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info_all
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
GO
au_info_all 存储过程可以通过以下方法执行:
EXECUTE au_info_all
-- Or
EXEC au_info_all
如果该过程是批处理中的第一条语句,则可使用:
au_info_all
实例4:使用带有参数的简单过程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info
@lastname varchar(40),
@firstname varchar(20)
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
WHERE au_fname = @firstname
AND au_lname = @lastname
GO
au_info 存储过程可以通过以下方法执行:
EXECUTE au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
-- Or
EXEC au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
如果该过程是批处理中的第一条语句,则可使用:
au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
实例5:使用带有通配符参数的简单过程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info2 @lastname varchar(30) = 'D%', @firstname varchar(18) = '%' AS SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id WHERE au_fname LIKE @firstname AND au_lname LIKE @lastname GO
au_info2 存储过程可以用多种组合执行。下面只列出了部分组合:
EXECUTE au_info2 -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 'Wh%' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 @firstname = 'A%' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 '[CK]ars[OE]n' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 'Hunter', 'Sheryl' -- Or EXECUTE au_info2 'H%', 'S%'
= 'proc2'
实例6:if...else
|
存储过程,其中@case作为执行update的选择依据,用if...else实现执行时根据传入的参数执行不同的修改.
--下面是if……else的存储过程:
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'Student' and type ='u' )
drop table Student
go
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'spUpdateStudent' and type ='p' )
drop proc spUpdateStudent
go
create table Student
(
fName nvarchar (10),
fAge
smallint ,
fDiqu varchar (50),
fTel int
)
go
insert into Student values ('X.X.Y' , 28, 'Tesing' , 888888)
go
create proc spUpdateStudent
(
@fCase int ,
@fName nvarchar (10),
@fAge smallint ,
@fDiqu varchar (50),
@fTel int
)
as
update Student
set fAge = @fAge, -- 传 1,2,3 都要更新 fAge 不需要用 case
fDiqu = (case when @fCase = 2 or @fCase = 3 then @fDiqu else fDiqu end ),
fTel = (case when @fCase = 3 then @fTel else fTel end )
where fName = @fName
select * from Student
go
-- 只改 Age
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 1,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101
-- 改 Age 和 Diqu
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 2,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101
-- 全改
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 3,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101