centos7.2安装完成的基本操作

系统是centos7.2,安装完成的基本操作

1 修改网卡为eth0
2 更新系统
3 给/etc/rc.local添加执行权限
4 添加用户hequan
5 禁用selinux
6 关闭防火墙安装iptables
7 修改主机名
8 查看并管理服务
9 设置字符集
10 yum
11 配置sshd
12 加大打开文件数的限制（open files）
13 优化内核
14 时间设置
15 man 中文版
16 vim基本设置

1 修改网卡为eth0

cd  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
vim ifcfg-eno16777729
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.201
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eth0
UUID=efd17b9a-a5ab-4c94-be62-d2c32eb48a7e
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
DNS1=202.106.0.20

mv  ifcfg-eno16777729  ifcfg-eth0
vi  /etc/sysconfig/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0  biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"  #添加 net.ifnames= biosdevname=
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg      #生成启动菜单
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.-.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.-.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz--rescue-e8675ae79abd41309dac42388f8d9116
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs--rescue-e8675ae79abd41309dac42388f8d9116.img
 系统是centos7.,安装完成的基本操作 

ip addr  或者
yum install net-tools        #默认centos7不支持ifconfig 需要看装net-tools包
ifconfig eth0                #再次查看网卡信息

2 更新系统

yum  update -y

3 给/etc/rc.local添加执行权限

[root@bogon ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx.  root root  Feb   : /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@bogon ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r--.  root root  May    /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@bogon ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

4 添加用户hequan

[root@bogon ~]# useradd hequan
[root@bogon ~]# echo  | passwd  --stdin  hequan
Changing password for user hequan.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@bogon ~]# usermod -G wheel  hequan
[root@bogon ~]# sed -i '6s/^#//g'  /etc/pam.d/su
[root@bogon ~]# grep wheel  /etc/pam.d/su                 #只有WHEEL组的可以su
# Uncomment the following line to implicitly trust users in the "wheel" group.
#auth           sufficient      pam_wheel.so trust use_uid
# Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the "wheel" group.
auth            required        pam_wheel.so use_uid

扩展:为用户hequan添加sudo，除关机外的其他所有操作：

[root@www ~]# visudo
Cmnd_Alias SHUTDOWN = /sbin/halt, /sbin/shutdown, /sbin/poweroff, /sbin/reboot, /sbin/init
hequan         ALL=(ALL)       ALL,!SHUTDOWN
%wheel         ALL=(ALL)       ALL,!SHUTDOWN    #修改wheel组的权限，禁止关机
Defaults logfile=/var/log/sudo.log

5 禁用selinux

[root@bogon ~]# grep -i  ^selinux   /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@bogon ~]# sed -i  '/^SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@bogon ~]# grep -i  ^selinux   /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@bogon ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@bogon ~]# reboot

6 关闭防火墙安装iptables

systemctl   stop   firewalld.service
systemctl   disable firewalld.service
yum install iptables-services   -y #安装

7修改主机名

[root@bogon ~]# hostnamectl   set-hostname hequan.com
[root@bogon ~]# hostname
hequan.com

8 查看并管理服务

[root@hequan ~]# systemctl  -t  service
[root@hequan ~]# systemctl   list-unit-files  -t service

yum install -y bash-completion        #补全服务名称，退出bash再进就可以

9 设置字符集

[root@hequan ~]# echo $LANG
zh_CN.UTF-
[root@hequan ~]# vi /etc/locale.conf
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
[root@hequan ~]# source  /etc/locale.conf
yum install gcc cmake bzip2-devel curl-devel db4-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel gmp-devel libc-client-devel openldap-devel unixODBC-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel aspell-devel net-snmp-devel libxslt-devel libxml2-devel pcre-devel mysql-devel pspell-devel libmemcached libmemcached-devel zlib-devel  vim wget   lrzsz  tree

安装163源

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
cd  /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

其他

yum -y install yum-plugin-priorities   ##安装优先级插件
sed -i -e "s/\]$/\]\npriority=1/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo  ##设置基本yum源的优先级为1
yum -y install epel-release   ##安装epel源
sed -i -e "s/\]$/\]\npriority=5/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo ##设置优先级为5
sed -i -e "s/enabled=1/enabled=0/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo ##禁用epel源
yum -y install http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el7.rf.x86_64.rpm ##安装rpmforge的源
sed -i -e "s/\]$/\]\npriority=10/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo  ##设置优先级为10
sed -i -e "s/enabled = 1/enabled = 0/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo ##禁用yum源
使用方法：yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install [Package]

11 配置sshd

sed -i -e '49s/^#//g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config            ##启用49行配置
sed -i -e '49s/yes/no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config         ##禁止root使用ssh登录
sed -i -e '129s/#/ /g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config           ##禁止UseDNS
sed -i -e '129s/yes$/no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i '/^GSS/s/yes/no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config        ##禁用GSSAPI认证加快登录速度

systemctl restart sshd                                 ##重新启动服务
systemctl enable  sshd                                 ##设置为开机启动
systemctl status  sshd                                 ##查看状态
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 -- :: CST; 1min 3s ago

12 加大打开文件数的限制（open files）

ulimit -n
ulimit -a
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
最后添加
* soft nofile
* hard nofile
hive   - nofile
hive   - nproc  1024000

用户进程限制
[root@hequan ~]# sed -i 's#4096#65535#g'   /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf  #加大普通用户限制  也可以改为unlimited
[root@hequan ~]#  egrep -v "^$|^#" /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf        
*          soft    nproc     65535
root       soft    nproc     unlimited
 
reboot

13 优化内核

cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf <<"EOF"
#CTCDN系统优化参数
#关闭ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 =
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 =
#决定检查过期多久邻居条目
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time=
#使用arp_announce / arp_ignore解决ARP映射问题
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce =
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=
# 避免放大攻击
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts =
# 开启恶意icmp错误消息保护
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses =
#关闭路由转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward =
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects =
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects =
#开启反向路径过滤
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter =
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter =
#处理无源路由的包
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route =
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route =
#关闭sysrq功能
kernel.sysrq =
#core文件名中添加pid作为扩展名
kernel.core_uses_pid =
# 开启SYN洪水攻击保护
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies =
#修改消息队列长度
kernel.msgmnb =
kernel.msgmax =
#设置最大内存共享段大小bytes
kernel.shmmax =
kernel.shmall =
#timewait的数量，默认180000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets =
net.ipv4.tcp_sack =
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling =
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem =
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem =
net.core.wmem_default =
net.core.rmem_default =
net.core.rmem_max =
net.core.wmem_max =
#每个网络接口接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时，允许送到队列的数据包的最大数目
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =
#限制仅仅是为了防止简单的DoS 攻击
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans =
#未收到客户端确认信息的连接请求的最大值
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog =
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps =
#内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYNACK 包的数量
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries =
#内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYN 包的数量
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries =
#启用timewait 快速回收
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle =
#开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets 重新用于新的TCP 连接
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse =
net.ipv4.tcp_mem =
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout =
#当keepalive 起用的时候，TCP 发送keepalive 消息的频度。缺省是2 小时
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes =
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =
#允许系统打开的端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =
#修改防火墙表大小，默认65536
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established=
# 确保无人能修改路由表
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects =
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects =
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects =
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects =
 EOF

#本文出自 “兰芷” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://7826443.blog.51cto.com/7816443/1775248
sysctl -p  #生效

14 时间设置

ntpdate  time.nist.gov
hwclock -w              #先同步一遍时间到硬件时间

yum install chrony
vi /etc/chrony.conf
server .centos.pool.ntp.org
server .europe.pool.ntp.org

systemctl enable chronyd.service
systemctl start chronyd.service

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
timedatectl set-time "2015-01-21 11:50:00"（可以只修改其中一个）修改日期时间
timedatectl  查看时间状态

chronyc sources -v  查看时间同步源
chronyc sourcestats -v

15 man中文版

yum install man-pages-zh-CN.noarch  -y

man cp   #测试, 想再换成中文版，yum卸载就行了

16 vim基本设置

vim  /root/.vimrc
set history=
autocmd InsertLeave * se cul
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul
set nu
set bs=
syntax on
set laststatus=
set tabstop=
set go=
set ruler
set showcmd
set cmdheight=
hi CursorLine   cterm=NONE ctermbg=blue ctermfg=white guibg=blue guifg=white
set hls
set cursorline
set ignorecase
set hlsearch
set incsearch
set helplang=cn

inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
inoremap [ []<ESC>i
inoremap { {}<ESC>i
inoremap < <><ESC>i
inoremap " ""<ESC>i
inoremap ' ''<ESC>i