synchronized是Java中的关键字，是一种同步锁。它修饰的对象有以下几种：
1. 修饰一个代码块，被修饰的代码块称为同步语句块，其作用的范围是大括号{}括起来的代码，作用的对象是调用这个代码块的对象；
2. 修饰一个方法，被修饰的方法称为同步方法，其作用的范围是整个方法，作用的对象是调用这个方法的对象；
3. 修改一个静态的方法，其作用的范围是整个静态方法，作用的对象是这个类的所有对象；
4. 修改一个类，其作用的范围是synchronized后面括号括起来的部分，作用主的对象是这个类的所有对象。
修饰代码块
package com.qhong;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SyncThread syncThread = new SyncThread();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(syncThread, "SyncThread1");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(syncThread, "SyncThread2");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
class SyncThread implements Runnable {
private static int count;
public SyncThread() {
count = 0;
}
public void run() {
synchronized(this) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++));
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
}
结果：
SyncThread1:0
SyncThread1:1
SyncThread1:2
SyncThread1:3
SyncThread1:4
SyncThread2:5
SyncThread2:6
SyncThread2:7
SyncThread2:8
SyncThread2:9
当两个并发线程(thread1和thread2)访问同一个对象(syncThread)中的synchronized代码块时，
在同一时刻只能有一个线程得到执行，另一个线程受阻塞，必须等待当前线程执行完这个代码块以后才能执行该代码块。
Thread1和thread2是互斥的，因为在执行synchronized代码块时会锁定当前的对象，只有执行完该代码块才能释放该对象锁，下一个线程才能执行并锁定该对象。
我们再把SyncThread的调用稍微改一下：
package com.qhong;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new SyncThread(), "SyncThread1");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new SyncThread(), "SyncThread2");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
class SyncThread implements Runnable {
private static int count;
public SyncThread() {
count = 0;
}
public void run() {
synchronized(this) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++));
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
}
Result:
SyncThread1:0
SyncThread2:1
SyncThread2:2
SyncThread1:3
SyncThread1:4
SyncThread2:5
SyncThread1:6
SyncThread2:6
SyncThread2:7
SyncThread1:7
======================================================
修饰对象
package com.qhong;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account("zhang san", 10000.0f);
AccountOperator accountOperator = new AccountOperator(account);
final int THREAD_NUM = 5;
Thread threads[] = new Thread[THREAD_NUM];
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i ++) {
threads[i] = new Thread(accountOperator, "Thread" + i);
threads[i].start();
}
}
}
/**
* 银行账户类
*/
class Account {
String name;
float amount;
public Account(String name, float amount) {
this.name = name;
this.amount = amount;
}
//存钱
public void deposit(float amt) {
amount += amt;
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//取钱
public void withdraw(float amt) {
amount -= amt;
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public float getBalance() {
return amount;
}
}
/**
* 账户操作类
*/
class AccountOperator implements Runnable{
private Account account;
public AccountOperator(Account account) {
this.account = account;
}
public void run() {
synchronized (account) {
account.deposit(500);
account.withdraw(500);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + account.getBalance());
}
}
}
Result:
Thread1:10000.0
Thread4:10000.0
Thread3:10000.0
Thread2:10000.0
Thread0:10000.0
当没有明确的对象作为锁，只是想让一段代码同步时，可以创建一个特殊的对象来充当锁：
private byte[] lock = new byte[0]; // 特殊的instance变量
public void method()
{
synchronized(lock) {
// todo 同步代码块
}
}
=====================================================================
修饰一个方法：
======================================================================
修饰一个静态方法：
package com.qhong;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SyncThread syncThread1 = new SyncThread();
SyncThread syncThread2 = new SyncThread();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(syncThread1, "SyncThread1");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(syncThread2, "SyncThread2");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
class SyncThread implements Runnable {
private static int count;
public SyncThread() {
count = 0;
}
public synchronized static void method() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++));
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public synchronized void run() {
method();
}
}
Result:
SyncThread2:0
SyncThread2:1
SyncThread2:2
SyncThread2:3
SyncThread2:4
SyncThread1:5
SyncThread1:6
SyncThread1:7
SyncThread1:8
SyncThread1:9
============================================================================
修饰一个类：
package com.qhong;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SyncThread syncThread1 = new SyncThread();
SyncThread syncThread2 = new SyncThread();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(syncThread1, "SyncThread1");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(syncThread2, "SyncThread2");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
class SyncThread implements Runnable {
private static int count;
public SyncThread() {
count = 0;
}
public static void method() {
synchronized(SyncThread.class) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (count++));
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public synchronized void run() {
method();
}
}
Result:
SyncThread1:0
SyncThread1:1
SyncThread1:2
SyncThread1:3
SyncThread1:4
SyncThread2:5
SyncThread2:6
SyncThread2:7
SyncThread2:8
SyncThread2:9