rest-framework序列化之Serializer
models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
view部分：
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers # django 自带的序列化组件
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
price=serializers.IntegerField()
pub_date=serializers.DateField()
publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
#authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,obj):
temp=[]
for author in obj.authors.all():
temp.append(author.name)
return temp
#此处可以继续用author的Serializers，
# def get_authors(self,obj):
# ret=obj.authors.all()
# ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
# return ss.data
class BookViewSet(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
# 序列化方式1:
# from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# import json
# data=[]
# for obj in book_list:
# data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
# print(data)
# return HttpResponse("ok")
# 序列化方式2:
# data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list)
# return HttpResponse(data)
# 序列化方式3:
bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True) #many=True代表有多条数据，如果只有一条数据，many=False
return Response(bs.data)
# 序列化方式4:
# ret=models.Book.objects.all().values('nid','title')
# dd=list(ret)
# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dd))
注意：
source 如果是字段，会显示字段，如果是方法，会执行方法，不用加括号（authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all')）
如在模型中定义一个方法，直接可以在在source指定执行
class UserInfo(models.Model):
user_type_choices = (
(1,'普通用户'),
(2,'VIP'),
(3,'SVIP'),
)
user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
#视图
ret=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
aa=ret.get_user_type_display()
#serializer
xx=serializers.CharField(source='get_user_type_display')
rest-framework序列化之ModelSerializer
urls.py
"""
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^books/(?P<id>\d*)',views.Book.as_view())
]
models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)
publish_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) # 自动添加创建时间
authors = models.ManyToManyField('Author')
publish = models.ForeignKey('Publish') # 一对多
def test(self):
return self.title+'>>'+str(self.price)
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
authordetail = models.OneToOneField('AuthorDetail')
class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
tel_num = models.BigIntegerField()
addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Publish(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField()
"""
序列化的类
"""
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 想序列化Book 就要给其写一个序列化的类
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
# class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# id = serializers.CharField()
# title = serializers.CharField()
# price = serializers.CharField()
# publish = serializers.CharField() # 不使用source的时候，可以与表中的字段名相同
# publish1 = serializers.CharField(source='publish') # 字段名不能与前面的序列化的名字一样， 在使用source的时候
# publish_name = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name') # 跨表获取字段属性的值
# publish_pk = serializers.CharField(source='publish.pk') # 跨表
# # test1 = serializers.CharField(source='test') # 方法
#
# # 支持写方法，如下：
# # 方法一定要传一个参数，是当前被序列化的book对象
# publish_dic = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
#
# def get_publish_dic(self, obj):
# # 这里的obj就是当前book对象
# return {'id': obj.publish.id, 'name': obj.publish.name}
from app01 import models
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.CharField()
name = serializers.CharField()
age = serializers.CharField()
# ModelSerializer 是与表模型绑定的 Serializer
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
# 指定表模型
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__' # 表示我要序列化所有字段
#
# 只序列化 title 和 id 两个字段
# fields = ['title','id']
# 其他字段都需要 ，剔除price字段
# exclude = ['price'] # 该方法和 fields 不能一起用
# 如果想让publish字段显示出版社的名字
# 跨表深度（连表的深度） 不建议使用，因为下几层的参数无法控制，官方建议不超过十层，实际使用不要超过3
depth = 1
# publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self, obj):
authors_list = obj.authors.all()
authors_serializer = AuthorSerializer(authors_list, many=True)
return authors_serializer.data
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=6,min_length=3,error_messages={'max_length':'太长了','min_length':'你太短了'})
# 局部钩子
# from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError --->导入报错信息
def validate_title(self, value):
print(value) # 是 title 说对应的值
if value.startswith('sb'):
raise ValidationError('不能以sb开头')
return value
# 全局钩子
def validate(self, attrs):
print(attrs) # 这里的attrs 是一个字典 {'title': 'bbb123', 'price': '999.12', 'authors': 2, 'publish': 2}
if attrs.get('title').startswith('bbb')and attrs.get('price')>120:
raise ValidationError('太贵啦,bbb书籍')
return attrs
"""
views.py
"""
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http.response import JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app01 import models
from app01.myser import BookSerializer
class Book(APIView):
# get 获取所有书籍信息
def get(self, request, id):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
print(id)
if not id:
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
# 第一个参数是要序列化的queryset对象，如果要序列化多条，必须制定many=True
# 当instance形参被传入的实参是单个参数的时候，many=False
book_serializer = BookSerializer(book_list, many=True)
else:
print(id)
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
book_serializer = BookSerializer(book_obj, many=False)
print(book_serializer.data)
response['books'] = book_serializer.data
return Response(response)
def post(self, request, id):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
# 提交的字典
book = request.data
# 传统方法，创建对象保存
print(book)
# 新方法，通过序列化组件保存,必须继承自ModelSerializer
book_ser = BookSerializer(data=book)
# is_valid 提交的字段校验通过
if book_ser.is_valid():
book_ser.save()
response['book'] = book_ser.data
else:
response['msg'] = book_ser.errors # errors 是序列化类 中的钩子函数 raise来的报错信息
return Response(response)
def put(self, request, id):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'}
if id:
# 提交的字典
book = request.data
# 传统方法，创建对象保存
print(book)
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
# 新方法，通过序列化组件保存,必须继承自ModelSerializer
book_ser = BookSerializer(data=book, instance=book_obj)
# is_valid 提交的字段校验通过
if book_ser.is_valid():
# 这里save()做修改
book_ser.save()
response['book'] = book_ser.data
else:
response['msg'] = book_ser.errors
else:
response['msg'] = '修改对象不存在'
return Response(response)
def delete(self, request, id):
models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'}
return Response(response)
