基于spring的web项目启动时预加载数据到ServletContext

时间:2024-01-10 21:55:44

1、要在web启动时预加载数据到ServletContext,实现方法有很多,一种比较简单的方案就是:

  1)新建一个bean,定义其初始化方法:

    <bean id="beanId" class="beanClassName" init-method="初始化方法" />或者使用@PostConstruct注解到初始化方法上面

  2)获取ServletContext实例对象,如何获取呢?

    方法1:

      @Autowired
      private ServletContext application;

    方法2:

      实现 ServletContextAware接口,重写setServletContext(ServletContext)方法

  3)在初始化方法里面写代码,调用service层或dao层方法,查询数据库得到数据;将数据设置给ServletContext实例对象;

  

2、案例

  jdk: 1.8.0_111;

  tomcat: apache-tomcat-9.0.13;

  依赖jar包:

基于spring的web项目启动时预加载数据到ServletContext

  项目结构:

基于spring的web项目启动时预加载数据到ServletContext

  在service层定义一个类InitComponent,定义初始化方法init()。在spring容器加载这个bean时,会调用init()方法。

package com.oy.service.impl;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.oy.service.BookService; @Component
public class InitComponent {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService; @Autowired
private ServletContext application; @PostConstruct
public void init() {
System.out.println("向application域中添加数据。。。");
application.setAttribute("bookList", bookService.findAll());
System.out.println(application.getAttribute("bookList"));
}
}

  为了测试方便,dao层不查询数据库,而是使用模拟数据:

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao; @Override
public List<Book> findAll() {
return bookDao.findAll();
}
} @Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
private List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<>(); @Override
public List<Book> findAll() {
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.setId(1);
book1.setName("java编程思想");
bookList.add(book1); Book book2 = new Book();
book2.setId(2);
book2.setName("java从入门到精通");
bookList.add(book2); return bookList;
}
}

  以后数据改变了,想要更新缓存怎么办?写一个controller,调用InitComponent#init()。在页面上定义一个按钮,点击访问 initController#refreshCache(),即可更新缓存。记得更新前先删除缓存。

package com.oy.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.oy.service.impl.InitComponent; @Controller
public class InitController {
@Autowired
private InitComponent initComponent; @RequestMapping("/refreshCache")
@ResponseBody
public String refreshCache() {
initComponent.init();
return "controller刷新缓存成功!";
}
}

  配置文件web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> <!-- spring配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param> <!-- spring监听器,初始化spring IoC容器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener> <!-- springmvc前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 如果不配置springmvc配置文件路径,默认在/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> <!-- post请求的编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>

  配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd"> <bean class="com.oy.controller.BeanPostProcessorImpl"/>
<!-- 自动扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.oy.service,com.oy.dao" />
</beans>

  配置文件springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 加载properties文件 -->
<!-- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:params.properties"/> --> <!-- 使用注解的包,包括子集 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.oy.controller" /> <!-- 处理器映射器,处理器适配器 -->
<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/> -->
<mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- Converter转换器工厂 注: 需要在 适配器 中进行配置 -->
<!-- <bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
日期
去掉前后空格
<property name="converters">
<set>
<bean class="com.oy.converter.CustomConverter"></bean>
</set>
</property>
</bean> --> <!-- 静态资源映射
<mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/"/> --> <!-- 如果使用了RESTful形式的拦截,那么对于静态资源的处理上,就需要加上此句,静态资源(没有映射的)
     就会交给默认的web容器中的servlet进行处理 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

  另外,贴一个BeanPostProcessor的实现类,这个类可以帮助我们查看spring容器中加载了哪些bean。利用这个类还可以实现bean的代理,这里就不详细讲了。如果不想使用这个类,为了避免报错,需要将applicationContext.xml中<bean class="com.oy.controller.BeanPostProcessorImpl"/>这一句删掉。

package com.oy.controller;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; /**
* @author oy
* @version 1.0
* @date 2018年12月29日
* @time 下午9:30:53
*/
public class BeanPostProcessorImpl implements BeanPostProcessor { public BeanPostProcessorImpl() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("==========调用BeanPostProcessorImpl无参构造==========");
} @Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("前处理方法,beanName为:" + beanName);
return bean;
} /**
* 参数bean:目标对象,即被代理的bean对象 参数beanName:被代理对象的名字,即bean的id属性值
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("后处理方法,bean的类型为:" + bean.getClass().getName()); // 通过beanName过滤,对不同的bean进行处理
if ("userService".equals(beanName)) {
// 生成jdk代理
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(BeanPostProcessorImpl.class.getClassLoader(), bean.getClass().getInterfaces(),
new InvocationHandler() { @Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("===开启事务===");
Object obj = method.invoke(bean, args);
System.out.println("===提交事务===");
return obj;
} });
} else if ("people".equals(beanName)) {
// 生成jdk代理
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(BeanPostProcessorImpl.class.getClassLoader(), bean.getClass().getInterfaces(),
new InvocationHandler() { @Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { // System.out.println(proxy.getClass().getName()); // com.sun.proxy.$Proxy6 long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Object obj = method.invoke(bean, args);
long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start; System.out.println("方法" + method.getName() + "()共耗时:" + time + "毫秒");
return obj;
} });
} else {
// 直接返回bean,不生成代理对象
return bean;
}
}
}

  

  在项目根路径下新建一个index.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>index页面</h1>
<c:forEach items="${bookList}" var="book">
${book.id} -- ${book.name}
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>

3、测试

  3.1、项目启动,控制台打印结果:

    ==========调用BeanPostProcessorImpl无参构造==========
    前处理方法,beanName为:bookDaoImpl
    后处理方法,bean的类型为:com.oy.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl
    前处理方法,beanName为:bookServiceImpl
    后处理方法,bean的类型为:com.oy.service.impl.BookServiceImpl
    前处理方法,beanName为:initComponent
    向application域中添加数据。。。
    [Book [id=1, name=java编程思想], Book [id=2, name=java从入门到精通]]
    后处理方法,bean的类型为:com.oy.service.impl.InitComponent
    前处理方法,beanName为:initController
    后处理方法,bean的类型为:com.oy.controller.InitController
    前处理方法,beanName为:org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
    后处理方法,bean的类型为:org.springframework.context.event.EventListenerMethodProcessor
    前处理方法,beanName为:org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
    后处理方法,bean的类型为:org.springframework.context.event.DefaultEventListenerFactory

  3.2、浏览器访问:http://localhost:8080/04_Demo001/refreshCache, 控制台打印结果:

    向application域中添加数据。。。
    [Book [id=1, name=java编程思想], Book [id=2, name=java从入门到精通], Book [id=1, name=java编程思想], Book [id=2, name=java从入门到精通]]

4、在上面案例中将启动初始数据和更新数据写在两个类中,其实没有必要。

  4.1、首先要知道spring可以有多个容器,spring主容器加载applicationContext.xml中配置或扫描的bean,springmvc子容器加载springmvc.xml中配置或扫描的bean;父子容器的关系这里不详细讲。可以参考:

  spring与springMVC的细节问题:父子容器关系,加载controller,404错误

  Spring的父子容器问题和坑

  spring父子容器----子容器不能获取父容器的属性

  4.2、第一次惩罚:默认情况下,服务器是在第一次收到对controller#handler的请求时,会初始化DispatcherServlet,创建springmvc子容器,加载springmvc.xml中配置或扫描的bean;我上面的案例就是这种情况。

  4.3、如果在web.xml配置DispatcherServlet时添加了<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>,则服务器启动时就会初始化DispatcherServlet,创建springmvc子容器,加载springmvc.xml中配置或扫描的bean;

  4.4、所以在web.xml配置DispatcherServlet时添加了<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>后,可以将案例中initComponent类和initController类合并成一个类:

package com.oy.controller;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.oy.service.BookService; @Controller
public class InitController {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService; @Autowired
private ServletContext application; @PostConstruct
public void init() {
System.out.println("向application域中添加数据。。。");
application.setAttribute("bookList", bookService.findAll());
System.out.println(application.getAttribute("bookList"));
} @RequestMapping("/refreshCache")
@ResponseBody
public String refreshCache() {
init();
return "controller refreshCache ok!";
}
}