CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建

时间:2023-03-09 16:51:30
CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建

转载:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiongpq/p/3381069.html

环境:

CentOS X64 6.5

nginx 1.5.6

Python 2.7.5

正文:

一:安装需要的类库及Python2.7.5

安装必要的开发包

yum groupinstall "Development tools"

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

CentOS 自带Python2.6.6,但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5:

cd ~
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.7.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make altinstall 或Python2.7.9
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz
tar xf Python-2.7.9.tar.xz

安装完毕后,可是使用”python2.7”命令进入python2.7的环境。

二:安装Python包管理

easy_install包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

方便安装Python的开发包

cd ~
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
cd distribute-0.6.49
python2.7 setup.py install
easy_install --version

红色部分必须是“python2.7”,否则将安装到默认的2.6环境内。

pip包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理Python包, easy_install没有这个功能,只有uninstall

easy_install pip
pip --version

三:安装uwsgi

uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI

uwsgi参数详解:http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html

pip install uwsgi
uwsgi --version

测试uwsgi是否正常:

新建test.py文件,内容如下:

def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return "Hello World"

然后在终端运行:

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8001,看是否有“Hello World”输出,若没有输出,请检查你的安装过程。

四:安装django

pip install django

测试django是否正常,运行:

django-admin.py startproject demosite
cd demosite
python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8002,检查django是否运行正常。

五:安装nginx

cd ~
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.5.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
 
或者yum安装,直接支持系统服务service nginx reload等;
yum install nginx

六:配置uwsgi

uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式,但个人感觉ini更方便:

在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini,添加如下配置:

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true //主进程
vhost = true //多站模式
no-stie = true //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
workers = 2 //子进程数
reload-mercy = 10
vacuum = true //退出、重启时清理文件
max-requests = 1000
limit-as = 512
buffer-sizi = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid //pid文件,用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

设置uwsgi开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件,内容如下:

#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi' ### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: uwsgi
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server
# Description: starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO # Author: licess
# website: http://lnmp.org PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="uwsgi daemon"
NAME=uwsgi9090
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME set -e
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 do_start() {
$DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
} do_stop() {
$DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
rm -f $PIDFILE
echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
} do_reload() {
$DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
} do_status() {
ps aux|grep $DAEMON
} case "$1" in
status)
echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"
do_status
;;
start)
echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"
do_start
;;
stop)
echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"
do_stop
;;
reload|graceful)
echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"
do_reload
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac exit 0

然后在终端执行:

-- 添加服务
chkconfig --add uwsgi9090
-- 设置开机启动
chkconfig uwsgi9090 on

七:设置nginx

找到nginx的安装目录,打开conf/nginx.conf文件,修改server配置

server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost; location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090; //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi; //入口文件,即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置,“.”相当于一层目录
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite; //项目根目录
index index.html index.htm;
client_max_body_size 35m;
}
}

设置nginx开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建nginx文件,内容如下:

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/conf/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
} stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
} restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
} reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
} force_reload() {
restart
} configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
} rh_status() {
status $prog
} rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
} case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac

然后在终端执行:

-- 添加服务
chkconfig --add nginx
-- 设置开机启动
chkconfig nginx on

八:测试

OK,一切配置完毕,在终端运行

service uwsgi9090 start
service nginx start

在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1,恭喜你可以看到django的“It work”了~

九:多站配置

我采用运行多个uwsgi服务的方法来实现多个站点。

重复第六步,创建uwsgi9091.ini,并相应修改文件中的

socket = 127.0.0.1:9091
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9091.pid
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9091.log

并创建服务uwsgi9091,设置开机启动。

然后修改nginx的配置文件为:

server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost; location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/demosite;
index index.html index.htm;
client_max_body_size 35m;
}
} server {
listen 1300; location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9091;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT DjangoStudy.wsgi;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/DjangoStudy;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}

然后我们就可以通过http://127.0.0.1:1300来访问新的网站了。

十:其他配置

防火墙设置

CentOS默认关闭外部对80、3306等端口的访问,所以要在其他计算机访问这台服务器,就必须修改防火墙配置,打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables

在“-A INPUT –m state --state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”,下添加:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

然后保存,并关闭该文件,在终端内运行下面的命令,刷新防火墙配置:

service iptables restart
安装Mysqldb
yum -y install mysql-devel

easy_install-2.7 MySQL-python

注意红色部分,easy_install-2.7,否则它将默认安装到Python2.6环境内。

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2014年12月02日添加:

CentOS 7中默认使用Firewalld做防火墙,所以修改iptables后,在重启系统后,根本不管用。

Firewalld中添加端口方法如下:

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload