orace学习操作(4)

时间:2023-03-09 18:56:43
orace学习操作(4)

Orace游标:

一、游标简介:                                      

使用游标,我们可以对具体操作数据,比如查询的结果,对行,列数据进行更加细致的处理。以及对其他DML操作进行判断等操作;

二、显示游标:                                        

1.静态的指定变量类型:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select empno,ename,sal from emp;
2 e_no number;
3 e_name varchar2(10);
4 e_sal number;
5 begin
6 open cu_emp;
7 fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
8 while cu_emp%found loop
9 dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e_no||',姓名:'||e_name||',基本薪资:'||e_sal);
10 fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
11 end loop;
12 close cu_emp;
13 end;
14 /
编号:7369,姓名:SMITH,基本薪资:800
编号:7499,姓名:ALLEN,基本薪资:1600
编号:7521,姓名:WARD,基本薪资:1250
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7654,姓名:MARTIN,基本薪资:1250
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450
编号:7788,姓名:SCOTT,基本薪资:3000
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000
编号:7844,姓名:TURNER,基本薪资:1500
编号:7876,姓名:ADAMS,基本薪资:1100
编号:7900,姓名:JAMES,基本薪资:950
编号:7902,姓名:FORD,基本薪资:3000
编号:7934,姓名:MILLER,基本薪资:1300 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

2.动态指定变量类型:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select empno,ename,sal from emp;
2 e_no emp.empno%type;
3 e_name emp.ename%type;
4 e_sal emp.sal%type;
5 begin
6 open cu_emp;
7 fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
8 while cu_emp%found loop
9 dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e_no||',姓名:'||e_name||',基本薪资:'||e_sal);
10 fetch cu_emp into e_no, e_name, e_sal;
11 end loop;
12 close cu_emp;
13 end;
14 /
编号:7369,姓名:SMITH,基本薪资:800
编号:7499,姓名:ALLEN,基本薪资:1600
编号:7521,姓名:WARD,基本薪资:1250
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7654,姓名:MARTIN,基本薪资:1250
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450
编号:7788,姓名:SCOTT,基本薪资:3000
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000
编号:7844,姓名:TURNER,基本薪资:1500
编号:7876,姓名:ADAMS,基本薪资:1100
编号:7900,姓名:JAMES,基本薪资:950
编号:7902,姓名:FORD,基本薪资:3000
编号:7934,姓名:MILLER,基本薪资:1300 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

3.行类型:%rowtype:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select * from emp;
2 e emp%rowtype;
3 begin
4 open cu_emp;
5 fetch cu_emp into e;
6 while cu_emp%found loop
7 dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',基本薪资:'||e.sal);
8 fetch cu_emp into e;
9 end loop;
10 close cu_emp;
11 end;
12 /
编号:7369,姓名:SMITH,基本薪资:800
编号:7499,姓名:ALLEN,基本薪资:1600
编号:7521,姓名:WARD,基本薪资:1250
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7654,姓名:MARTIN,基本薪资:1250
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450
编号:7788,姓名:SCOTT,基本薪资:3000
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000
编号:7844,姓名:TURNER,基本薪资:1500
编号:7876,姓名:ADAMS,基本薪资:1100
编号:7900,姓名:JAMES,基本薪资:950
编号:7902,姓名:FORD,基本薪资:3000
编号:7934,姓名:MILLER,基本薪资:1300 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

上面的也可以查询带条件:

SQL> declare cursor cu_emp is select * from emp where sal > 2000 and sal < 3000;

  2  e emp%rowtype;
3 begin
4 open cu_emp;
5 fetch cu_emp into e;
6 while cu_emp%found loop
7 dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',
基本薪资:'||e.sal);
8 fetch cu_emp into e;
9 end loop;
10 close cu_emp;
11 end;
12 /
编号:7566,姓名:JONES,基本薪资:2975
编号:7698,姓名:BLAKE,基本薪资:2850
编号:7782,姓名:CLARK,基本薪资:2450 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

4.游标的其他循环方式:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
2 v_emp c%rowtype;
3 begin
4 open c;
5 fetch c into v_emp;
6 dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
7 close c;
8 end;
9 /
SMITH PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

//cursor c is xx 声明一个游标,但是并不会真真正正的从数据库取数据,open c才取数据
//fetch c 拿出第一个数据,并且游标指向下一行数据;fetch开始是指在第一条数据上,每fetch下,就指向下一条;

loop循环:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
2 v_emp c%rowtype;
3 begin
4 open c;
5 loop
6 fetch c into v_emp;
7 exit when(c%notfound);
8 dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
9 end loop;
10 close c;
11 end;
12 /
SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
...
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

while循环:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
2 v_emp c%rowtype;
3 begin
4 open c;
5 fetch c into v_emp;
6 while(c%found) loop
7 dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
8 fetch c into v_emp;
9 end loop;
10 close c;
11 end;
12 /
SMITH
ALLEN
... PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

for循环:

SQL> declare cursor c is select * from emp;
2 begin
3 for v_emp in c loop
4 dbms_output.put_line(v_emp.ename);
5 end loop;
6 end;
7 /
SMITH
ALLEN
... PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
//不需要声明v_emp,for循环自动声明;
//不需要open游标、close游标,for循环开始自动打开游标,循环结束自动关闭游标;最不容易出错。使用最多。

5.带参数的游标:

SQL> select ename, sal from emp where deptno=30 and job='CLERK';

ENAME             SAL
---------- ----------
JAMES 950 SQL> declare cursor c(v_deptno emp.deptno%type, v_job emp.job%type)
2 is select ename,sal from emp where deptno = v_deptno and job = v_job;
3 begin
4 for v_temp in c(30, 'CLERK') loop
5 dbms_output.put_line(v_temp.ename);
6 end loop;
7 end;
8 /
JAMES PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

6.可更新的游标:

declare cursor c is select * from emp2 for update;
begin
for v_temp in c loop
if(v_temp.sal < 2000) then
update emp2 set sal = sal*2 where current of c;
elsif (v_temp.sal = 5000) then
delete from emp2 where current of c;
end if;
end loop;
commit;
end;

三、隐式游标:                                                        

orace学习操作(4)

SQL> begin
2 if sql%isopen then
3 dbms_output.put_line('sql游标以打开');
4 else
5 dbms_output.put_line('sql游标未打开');
6 end if;
7 end;
8 /
sql游标未打开 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> declare e_count number;
2 begin
3 select count(*) into e_count from emp;
4 dbms_output.put_line('游标捕获的记录数:'||sql%rowcount);
5 end;
6 /
游标捕获的记录数:1 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

%rowcount :   新增、修改影响的记录数会返回;

SQL> begin
2 update emp2 set sal = 808 where ename='SMITH';
3 if sql%rowcount=1 then
4 dbms_output.put_line('已更新');
5 else
6 dbms_output.put_line('未更新');
7 end if;
8 end;
9 /
已更新 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> begin
2 update emp2 set sal = 800 where ename='SMITH';
3 if sql%found then
4 dbms_output.put_line('已更新');
5 else
6 dbms_output.put_line('未更新');
7 end if;
8 end;
9 /
已更新 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

四、动态游标                                              

前面说的都是静态游标:开始声明就定死了;静态的;

1.强类型动态游标:

有个需求,老大(job为PRESIDENT)在的时候打印老大的信息,不然打印emp表的所有信息:

SQL> declare type emptype is ref cursor return emp%rowtype;
2 cu_emp emptype;
3 e_count number;
4 e emp%rowtype;
5 begin
6 select count(*) into e_count from emp where job = 'PRESIDENT';
7 if e_count=0 then
8 open cu_emp for select * from emp;
9 else
10 open cu_emp for select * from emp where job = 'PRESIDENT';
11 end if;
12 fetch cu_emp into e;
13 while cu_emp%found loop
14 dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',基本薪资:'||e.sal);
15 fetch cu_emp into e;
16 end loop;
17 close cu_emp;
18 end;
19 /
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

2.弱类型动态游标:

需求:老大在的时候,输出老大信息;老大不在的时候,输出薪资等级信息;

SQL> declare type customType is ref cursor;
2 e_count number;
3 e emp%rowtype;
4 s salgrade%rowType;
5 cType customType;
6 begin
7 select count(*) into e_count from emp where job='PRESIDENT';
8 if e_count=0 then
9 open cType for select * from salgrade;
10 fetch cType into s;
11 while cType%found loop
12 dbms_output.put_line('等级:'||s.grade||',最低薪资:'||s.losal||',最高薪资:'||s.hisal);
13 fetch cType into s;
14 end loop;
15 close cType;
16 else
17 open cType for select * from emp where job='PRESIDENT';
18 fetch cType into e;
19 while cType%found loop
20 dbms_output.put_line('编号:'||e.empno||',姓名:'||e.ename||',基本薪资:'||e.sal);
21 fetch cType into e;
22 end loop;
23 close cType;
24 end if;
25 end;
26 /
编号:7839,姓名:KING,基本薪资:5000 PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。