第一个Netty程序

时间:2024-04-29 03:53:20

netty就是一个高性能的NIO框架,用于java网络编程。下面说说思路:

服务端:

开启通道、设置网络通信方式、设置端口、设置接收请求的handler、绑定通道、最后关闭

客户端:

开启通道、设置网络通信方式、设置服务器ip和端口、设置处理数据的handler、连接服务器、最后关闭。

pom.xml引用如下:

<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.28.Final</version>
</dependency>

服务端总共两个类,EchoServer.java和EchoServerHandler.java。

EchoServer.java

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /** *
* 创建日期:2018/08/25
* 类说明:
*/
public class EchoServer { private final int port; public EchoServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
} public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
int port = 9999;
EchoServer echoServer = new EchoServer(port);
System.out.println("服务器即将启动");
echoServer.start();
System.out.println("服务器关闭");
} public void start() throws InterruptedException {
final EchoServerHandler serverHandler = new EchoServerHandler();
/*线程组*/
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();/*服务端启动必备*/
b.group(group)
/*指明使用NIO进行网络通讯*/
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
/*指明服务器监听端口*/
.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port))
/*接收到连接请求,新启一个socket通信,也就是channel,每个channel
* 有自己的事件的handler*/
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.bind().sync();/*绑定到端口,阻塞等待直到连接完成*/
/*阻塞,直到channel关闭*/
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
} }

EchoServerHandler.java

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil; /**
* 创建日期:2018/08/25
* 类说明:自己的业务处理
*/
/*指明我这个handler可以在多个channel之间共享,意味这个实现必须线程安全的。*/
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { /*** 服务端读取到网络数据后的处理*/
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf)msg;/*netty实现的缓冲区*/
System.out.println("Server Accept:"+in.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
ctx.write(in);
} /*** 服务端读取完成网络数据后的处理*/
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)
throws Exception {
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER)/*flush掉所有的数据*/
.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);/*当flush完成后,关闭连接*/
} /*** 发生异常后的处理*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}

客户端总共两个类,EchoClient.java和EchoClientHandler.java

EchoClient.java

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /**
* 创建日期:2018/08/26
* 类说明:netty的客户端
*/
public class EchoClient { private final int port;
private final String host; public EchoClient(int port, String host) {
this.port = port;
this.host = host;
} public void start() throws InterruptedException {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();/*线程组*/
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();/*客户端启动必备*/
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)/*指明使用NIO进行网络通讯*/
.remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(host,port))/*配置远程服务器的地址*/
.handler(new EchoClientHandler());
ChannelFuture f = b.connect().sync();/*连接到远程节点,阻塞等待直到连接完成*/
/*阻塞,直到channel关闭*/
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
new EchoClient(9999,"127.0.0.1").start();
}
}

EchoClientHandler.java

package cn.enjoyedu.ch02.echo;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil; /**
* 创建日期:2018/08/26
* 类说明:
*/
public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> { /*客户端读取到数据后干什么*/
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("Client accetp:"+msg.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
} /*客户端被通知channel活跃以后,做事*/
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
//往服务器写数据
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Hello,Netty",
CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
} }

代码里面也有具体的注释。