Eloquent JavaScript #13# HTTP and Forms

时间：2023-03-09 09:14:20
Eloquent JavaScript #13# HTTP and Forms

Notes

基本是直接拷贝代码了。。原书《Eloquent JavaScript》

1、fetch

Fetch vs Ajax - Xul.fr

Why I won't be using Fetch API in my apps – Shahar Talmi – Medium（这篇文章的评论区有精彩辩论:p）

Fetch API - Web APIs | MDN

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <script type="text/javascript">

            let resp;

            fetch("example/data.txt").then(response => {

                console.log(response.status);

                // → 200

                console.log(response.headers.get("Content-Type")); // header是一种类似map的对象，大小写无关紧要

                // → text/plain

                resp = response;

            }); // 只有在网络错误或者无法找到请求服务器时，promise才会被reject

            fetch("example/data.txt")

                .then(resp => resp.text()) // 读取响应也是个耗时操作，因此仍然用promise来读它

                .then(text => console.log(text));

            // → hello world

            fetch("example/data.txt", {headers: {Range: "bytes=8-19"}})

                  .then(resp => resp.text())

                  .then(console.log);

            // → the content（本机测试还是整段话输出来了？）

            // 默认是GET方法

            fetch("example/data.txt", {method: "DELETE" }).then(resp => {

                console.log(resp.status);

                // → 405 （本机测试是500）

            }).catch(reason => console.log(reason));

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

2、form

form是在还没有js的时代被设计出来的，在有js的时代，form并不是必要的。

3、focus

可以用focus()和blur()方法控制focus：

<input type="text">

<script>

  document.querySelector("input").focus();

  console.log(document.activeElement.tagName);

  // → INPUT

  document.querySelector("input").blur();

  console.log(document.activeElement.tagName);

  // → BODY

</script>

自定义tab切换focus顺序：

<input type="text" tabindex=1> <a href=".">(help)</a>

<button onclick="console.log('ok')" tabindex=2>OK</button>

4、Disabled fields

例如在执行异步操作时，不希望用户反复点击按钮：

<button>I'm all right</button>

<button disabled>I'm out</button>

5、form’s elements property

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <form action="example/submit.html">

            Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br> Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>

            <button type="submit">Log in</button>

        </form>

        <script>

            let form = document.querySelector("form");

            console.log(form.elements[1].type);

            // → password

            console.log(form.elements.password.type);

            // → password

            console.log(form.elements.name.form == form);

            // → true

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

6、阻止提交

然后自己用js提交（fetch,ajax等）

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <form action="example/submit.html">

            Value: <input type="text" name="value">

            <button type="submit">Save</button>

        </form>

        <script>

            let form = document.querySelector("form");

            form.addEventListener("submit", event => {

                console.log("Saving value", form.elements.value.value);
 event.preventDefault();

            });

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

7、快速插入单词

借助selectionStart和selectionEnd以及value属性：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <textarea></textarea>

        <script>

            let textarea = document.querySelector("textarea");

            textarea.addEventListener("keydown", event => {

                // The key code for F2 happens to be 113

                if(event.keyCode == 113) {

                    replaceSelection(textarea, "Khasekhemwy");

                    event.preventDefault();

                }

            });

            function replaceSelection(field, word) {

                let from = field.selectionStart,

                    to = field.selectionEnd;

                field.value = field.value.slice(0, from) + word +

                    field.value.slice(to);

                // Put the cursor after the word

                field.selectionStart = from + word.length;

                field.selectionEnd = from + word.length;

            }

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

8、实时统计字数

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <input type="text"> length: <span id="length">0</span>

        <script>

            let text = document.querySelector("input");

            let output = document.querySelector("#length");

            text.addEventListener("input", () => {

                output.textContent = text.value.length;

            });

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

9、监听checkbox和radio

<label>

  <input type="checkbox" id="purple"> Make this page purple

</label>

<script>

  let checkbox = document.querySelector("#purple");

  checkbox.addEventListener("change", () => {

    document.body.style.background =

      checkbox.checked ? "mediumpurple" : "";

  });

</script>

X

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        Color:

        <label>

              <input type="radio" name="color" value="orange"> Orange

        </label>

        <label>

              <input type="radio" name="color" value="lightgreen"> Green

        </label>

        <label>

              <input type="radio" name="color" value="lightblue"> Blue

        </label>

        <script>

            let buttons = document.querySelectorAll("[name=color]");

            for(let button of Array.from(buttons)) {

                button.addEventListener("change", () => {

                    document.body.style.background = button.value;

                });

            }

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

10、监听select

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <select multiple>

            <option value="1">0001</option>

            <option value="2">0010</option>

            <option value="4">0100</option>

            <option value="8">1000</option>

        </select> = <span id="output">0</span>

        <script>

            let select = document.querySelector("select");

            let output = document.querySelector("#output");

            select.addEventListener("change", () => {

                let number = 0;

                for(let option of Array.from(select.options)) {

                    if(option.selected) {

                        number += Number(option.value);

                    }

                }

                output.textContent = number;

            });

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

11、上传文件

<input type="file">

<script>

  let input = document.querySelector("input");

  input.addEventListener("change", () => {

    if (input.files.length > 0) {

      let file = input.files[0];

      console.log("You chose", file.name);

      if (file.type) console.log("It has type", file.type);

    }

  });

</script>

异步读内容：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <input type="file" multiple>

        <script>

            let input = document.querySelector("input");

            input.addEventListener("change", () => {

                for(let file of Array.from(input.files)) {

                    let reader = new FileReader();

                    reader.addEventListener("load", () => {

                        console.log("File", file.name, "starts with",

                            reader.result.slice(0, 20));

                    });

                    reader.readAsText(file);

                }

            });

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

12、本地存储数据

有时仅将数据保留在浏览器中就足够了。

localStorage。setItem（“username”，“marijn”）;

控制台。日志（localStorage的。的getItem（“用户名”））;

//→marijn

localStorage。removeItem（“username”）;

localStorage特点：容量小，不可跨域。

类似的是sessionStorage，关掉浏览器就没有了。

简单笔记本↓

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        Notes:

        <select></select> <button>Add</button><br>

        <textarea style="width: 100%"></textarea>

        <script>

            let list = document.querySelector("select");

            let note = document.querySelector("textarea");

            let state;

            function setState(newState) {

                list.textContent = "";

                for(let name of Object.keys(newState.notes)) {

                    let option = document.createElement("option");

                    option.textContent = name;

                    if(newState.selected == name) option.selected = true;

                    list.appendChild(option);

                }

                note.value = newState.notes[newState.selected];

                localStorage.setItem("Notes", JSON.stringify(newState));

                state = newState;

            }

            setState(JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("Notes")) || {

                notes: {

                    "shopping list": "Carrots\nRaisins"

                },

                selected: "shopping list"

            });

            list.addEventListener("change", () => {

                setState({

                    notes: state.notes,

                    selected: list.value

                });

            });

            note.addEventListener("change", () => {

                setState({

                    notes: Object.assign({}, state.notes, {

                        [state.selected]: note.value

                    }),

                    selected: state.selected

                });

            });

            document.querySelector("button")

                .addEventListener("click", () => {

                    let name = prompt("Note name");

                    if(name) setState({

                        notes: Object.assign({}, state.notes, {

                            [name]: ""

                        }),

                        selected: name

                    });

                });

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

Excercise

① Content negotiation

课本答案：

const url = "https://eloquentjavascript.net/author";

const types = ["text/plain",

               "text/html",

               "application/json",

               "application/rainbows+unicorns"];

async function showTypes() {

  for (let type of types) {

    let resp = await fetch(url, {headers: {accept: type}});

    console.log(`${type}: ${await resp.text()}\n`);

  }

}

showTypes();

---------------------------

② A JavaScript workbench

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <textarea id="code">return "hi";</textarea>

        <button id="button">Run</button>

        <pre id="output"></pre>

        <script>

            // Your code here.

            let run = document.querySelector("#button");

            let outputNode = document.querySelector("#output");

            run.addEventListener("click", event => {

                let code = document.querySelector("#code").value;

                let func = Function(code);

                let result;

                try {

                      result = func();

                } catch (error) {

                      result = error;

                }

                outputNode.innerText = String(result);

            });

        </script>

    </body>

</html>

------------------- - -

③ Conway’s Game of Life

暂时省略