注意点一：
url里面的地址，不只是html页面，准确说是views视图里面对应的函数方法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
<title>出版社列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<h2>出版社列表</h2>
<table class="table table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>出版社名称</th>
<th>出版社地址</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for publish in publish_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ publish.name}}</td>
<td>{{ publish.addr }}</td>
<td>{{ publish.email }}</td>
<td> <!--定义2个链接，点击之后实质是向服务端又提交了一个get请求，并且把对应那天数据的nid发送给服务端-->
<!--get方式携带参数到后台，例如？nid=123&name=yzz(后面可以跟多个)，但是nid是唯一的，所以用nid-->
<!--会触发视图里面的删除方法，将要删除数据的nid当做参数传入-->
<a href="/delete_publish/?nid={{ publish.nid }}" class="btn btn-danger">删除</a>
<a href="/edit_publish/?nid={{ publish.nid }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr> {% endfor %} </tbody>
</table> </div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
publish_list.py配置辅助理解
注意点二：
1.views.py里面配置的视图函数
2.注意get带参数的请求与post请求
3.多对多产生第三张表的方法，已经默认建好之后表的名字和字段的名字
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect # Create your views here.
from app01.models import * #添加出版社
def add_publish(request):
if request.method=='POST':
name = request.POST.get('name')
addr = request.POST.get('addr')
email = request.POST.get('email')
Publish.objects.create(name=name,addr=addr,email=email) #点击添加后信息重定向到查看出版社列表的方法界面
return redirect('/publish_list/') #跳转到查看界面，可以完成编辑和删除操作 #如果是get请求默认就是添加出版社界面
return render(request,"add_publish.html") #查看出版社信息
def publish_list(request):
publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
return render(request,'publish_list.html',{'publish_list':publish_list}) #删除出版社信息
def delete_publish(request):
nid=request.GET.get('nid')
print(nid) #是实际数据库里面的id值（不是{ forloop.counter }}页面上看到的设定的自动增长的值）
# 通过filter过滤出nid为传入的nid，删除掉
#filter功能相当与：select * from where id =2;
ret=Publish.objects.filter(nid=nid) #ret是个列表
# 删除这些数据
print(ret) #<QuerySet [<Publish: Publish object>]>
ret.delete()
return redirect('/publish_list/') #编辑出版社信息
def edit_publish(request):
# post请求：是编辑完之后提交数据的请求
if request.method=='POST':
nid=request.POST.get('nid')
name=request.POST.get('name')
addr=request.POST.get('addr')
email=request.POST.get('email')
#先查找，再更新
Publish.objects.filter(pk=nid).update(name=name, addr=addr, email=email)
return redirect('/publish_list/') #Get请求：数据拿过来跳转到编辑页面
nid=request.GET.get('nid') #Publish.objects.filter(nid=nid) 是个列表,类表的第一个值是对象
# aa=Publish.objects.filter(nid=nid)
# print(aa.__dict__) #{'model': <class 'app01.models.Publish'>, '_db': None, '_hints': {},..}
publish=Publish.objects.filter(nid=nid).first() #publish是个对象
print(publish)
return render(request,'edit_publish.html',{'publish':publish}) #添加书名信息
def add_book(request):
if request.method=='POST':
name=request.POST.get('name')
price=request.POST.get('price')
pub_date=request.POST.get('pub_date')
#添加表示出版社的id字段
publish_id=request.POST.get('publish') #拿到对应的作者的列表，authors是个对象，传递的是每个对象对应的id号
authors=request.POST.getlist('authors') #authors是个列表
book=Book.objects.create(name=name,price=price,pub_date=pub_date,publish_id=publish_id) #会在书与作者多对多关系产生的第三张表book_authors里面添加表记录
book.authors.add(*authors) #把每个作者的类表id打乱传入 return redirect('/book_list/') #默认拿到出版社列表、作者列表
publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
author_list = Author.objects.all()
return render(request,'add_book.html',{'publish_list':publish_list,'author_list':author_list}) def book_list(request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
return render(request,'book_list.html',{'book_list':book_list}) def delete_book(request):
nid = request.GET.get('nid')
ret = Book.objects.filter(nid=nid) # ret是个列表
ret.delete()
return redirect('/book_list/') def edit_book(request):
if request.method=='POST':
nid=request.POST.get('nid')
name=request.POST.get('name')
price=request.POST.get('price')
pub_date=request.POST.get('pub_date')
publish_id=request.POST.get('publish')
authors=request.POST.getlist('authors')
Book.objects.filter(pk=nid).update(name=name,price=price,pub_date=pub_date,publish_id=publish_id)
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=nid).first()
#重置authors的值（用于更新到第三张表里面）,先删除原纪录再添加
book.authors.set(authors)
#相当于
# book.authors.clear()
# book.authors.add(*authors)
return redirect('/book_list/') nid = request.GET.get('nid')
book=Book.objects.filter(nid=nid).first()
publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
author_list=Author.objects.all()
return render(request,'edit_book.html',{'book':book,'publish_list':publish_list,'author_list':author_list})
views.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. #出版社数据库指定的字段及类型
class Publish(models.Model):
nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
addr=models.CharField(max_length=64)
# 也是varchar类型
email=models.EmailField() #作者数据中指定的字段及类型
class Author(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField() #图书数据库指定的字段及类型
class Book(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
pub_date=models.DateField() #建立书与出版社一对多关系
# to后面的那个表，可以不加引号，但是，要在前面定义（即Publish类要写在Book的前面）
publish=models.ForeignKey(to='Publish',to_field='nid') #创建完成表字段会是 publish_id #建立书与作者多对多关系
#作用：针对对对多关系，创建建爱你出第三张表（代替了下面的3行代码）
authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') #这是第三张表的名字：book_authors,包含的字段有book_id author_id # class Book2Author(models.Model):
# nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
# book=models.ForeignKey(to='Book',to_field='nid')
# author=models.ForeignKey(to='Author',to_field='nid')
models.py数据库表的建立
注意点三：templates模本文件下面的一些配置文件
1.注意页面格式的书写
2.注意里面for循环的一个取值
3.get方法传参的应用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>新增图书</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<h2>新增图书</h2>
<form action="/add_book/" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="nid" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.nid }}">
<p>图书名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control"></p>
<p>价格：<input type="text" name="price" class="form-control" ></p>
<p>出版日期：<input type="date" name="pub_date" class="form-control"></p>
<p>出版社：
<!--循环出出版社列表，让那个让用户进行出版社名字，对应提交的就是对应出版社的id-->
<select name="publish" id="" class="form-control">
{% for publish in publish_list %}
<option value="{{ publish.nid }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>作者：
<select name="authors" id="" multiple class="form-control">
{% for author in author_list %}
<option value="{{ author.nid }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p> </form> </div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
add_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>图书列表</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<h2>图书列表</h2>
<table class="table table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>书名</th>
<th>价格</th>
<th>出版日期</th>
<th>出版社名称</th>
<th>作者</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for book in book_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ book.name}}</td>
<td>{{ book.price }}</td>
<td>{{ book.pub_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}</td>
<td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td>
<td>
{% for author in book.authors.all %}
{{ author.name }}|
{% endfor %} </td> <td>
<a href="/delete_book/?nid={{ book.nid }}" class="btn btn-danger">删除</a>
<a href="/edit_book/?nid={{ book.nid }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr> {% endfor %} </tbody>
</table> </div>
</div>
</div> </body>
</html>
book_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>编辑图书</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<h2>新增图书</h2>
<form action="/edit_book/" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ book.nid }}">
<p>图书名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" value="{{ book.name }}"></p>
<p>价格：<input type="text" name="price" class="form-control" value="{{ book.price }}"></p>
<p>出版日期：<input type="date" name="pub_date" class="form-control" value="{{ book.pub_date|date:"Y-m-d" }}"></p>
<p>出版社：
<select name="publish" id="" class="form-control">
<!--判断，编辑时让编辑状态下图书对应的出版社默认就是后台对应的-->
{% for publish in publish_list %}
{% if book.publish == publish %}
<option selected value="{{ publish.nid }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{ publish.nid }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
{% endif %} {% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>作者：
<select name="authors" id="" multiple class="form-control">
<!--判断，编辑时让作者一栏和初始状态的书对应-->
{% for author in author_list %}
{% if author in book.authors.all %}
<option selected value="{{ author.nid }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{ author.nid }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
{% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p> </form> </div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
edit_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>新增出版社</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body> <div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<h2>添加出版社</h2>
<form action="/add_publish/" method="post">
<p>出版社名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control"></p>
<p>出版社地址：<input type="text" name="addr" class="form-control"></p>
<p>出版社邮箱：<input type="text" name="email" class="form-control"></p>
<p><input type="submit" value="添加" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p> </form> </div>
</div>
</div> </body>
</html>
add_publish.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
<title>出版社列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<h2>出版社列表</h2>
<table class="table table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>出版社名称</th>
<th>出版社地址</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for publish in publish_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ publish.name}}</td>
<td>{{ publish.addr }}</td>
<td>{{ publish.email }}</td>
<td> <!--定义2个链接，点击之后实质是向服务端又提交了一个get请求，并且把对应那天数据的nid发送给服务端-->
<!--get方式携带参数到后台，例如？nid=123&name=yzz(后面可以跟多个)，但是nid是唯一的，所以用nid-->
<!--会触发视图里面的删除方法，将要删除数据的nid当做参数传入-->
<a href="/delete_publish/?nid={{ publish.nid }}" class="btn btn-danger">删除</a>
<a href="/edit_publish/?nid={{ publish.nid }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr> {% endfor %} </tbody>
</table> </div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
publish_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>修改出版社</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body> <div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<h2>修改出版社</h2>
<form action="/edit_publish/" method="post">
<!--{{ publish.nid }}:点击编辑时默认显示原来数据，在基础上进行修改-->
<input type="hidden" name="nid" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.nid }}">
<p>出版社名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.name }}"></p>
<p>出版社地址：<input type="text" name="addr" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.addr }}"></p>
<p>出版社邮箱：<input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.email }}"></p>
<p><input type="submit" value="修改" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p> </form> </div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
edit_publish.html