官方的中文版的Hadoop快速入门教程已经是很老的版本了,新版的Hadoop目录结构发生了变化,因此一些配置文件的位置也略微调整了,例如新版的hadoop中找不到快速入门中提到的conf目录,另外,网上有很多教程也是关于老版本的。本教程主要是针对Hadoop 2.X版本,在Ubuntu系统上的搭建过程。如果要对各个步骤进行深入理解,还需要参考其他资料。
英文版快速入门:http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.6.2/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/SingleCluster.html
前提条件
(1)Ubuntu操作系统(本教程使用的是Ubuntu 14.04)
(2)安装JDK
$ sudo apt-get install openjdk--jdk
$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_25"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.3.) (7u25-2.3.-4ubuntu3)
OpenJDK -Bit Server VM (build 23.7-b01, mixed mode)
$ cd /usr/lib/jvm
$ ln -s java--openjdk-amd64 jdk
(3)安装ssh
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
添加Hadoop用户组和用户(可选)
$ sudo addgroup hadoop
$ sudo adduser --ingroup hadoop hduser
$ sudo adduser hduser sudo
创建用户之后,使用hduser重新登陆ubuntu
安装SSH证书
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
...
Your identification has been saved in /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
...
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ ssh localhost
下载Hadoop 2.6.2
$ cd ~
$ wget http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.6.2/hadoop-2.6.2.tar.gz
$ sudo tar vxzf hadoop-2.6..tar.gz -C /home/hduser
$ cd /home/hduser
$ sudo mv hadoop-2.6.2 hadoop
$ sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop hadoop
配置Hadoop环境变量
(1)修改系统环境变量
$cd ~
$vi .bashrc 把下边的代码复制到vi打开的.bashrc文件末尾,如果JAVA_HOME已经配置过,那就不需要再配置了。 #Hadoop variables
#begin of paste
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk/
export HADOOP_INSTALL=/home/hduser/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
#end of paste
(2)修改hadoop环境变量
$ cd /home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop
$ vi hadoop-env.sh #必改的就一个,那就是修改JAVA_HOME,其他的可以不修改
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk/
配置完成后,重新登陆Ubuntu(把terminal关掉,再打开)
输入下边的命令检查是否安装成功
$ hadoop version
Hadoop 2.6.
...
...
...
配置Hadoop
(1)core-site.xml
$ cd /home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop
$ vi core-site.xml
#把下边的代码复制到<configuration>和</configuration>中间
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
(2)yarn-site.xml
$ vi yarn-site.xml
#把下边的代码复制到<configuration>和</configuration>中间
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
(3)mapred-site.xml
$ mv mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
$ vi mapred-site.xml
#把下边的代码复制到<configuration>和</configuration>中间
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
(4)hdfs-site.xml
$ cd ~
$ mkdir -p mydata/hdfs/namenode
$ mkdir -p mydata/hdfs/datanode
$ cd /home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop
$ vi hdfs-site.xml #把下边的代码复制到<configuration>和</configuration>中间
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value></value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hduser/mydata/hdfs/namenode</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hduser/mydata/hdfs/datanode</value>
</property>
格式化一个新的分布式文件系统:
$ cd ~
$ hdfs namenode -format
启动Hadoop服务
$ start-dfs.sh
....
$ start-yarn.sh
.... $ jps
#如果配置成功的话,你会看到类似下边的信息
DataNode
ResourceManager
Jps
NodeManager
NameNode
SecondaryNameNode
运行Hadoop示例
hduser@ubuntu: cd /home/dhuser/hadoop
hduser@ubuntu:/home/dhuser/hadoop$ hadoop jar ./share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6..jar pi
#然后你会看到类似下边的信息
Number of Maps =
Samples per Map =
// :: WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Wrote input for Map #
Wrote input for Map #
Starting Job
// :: INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at /0.0.0.0:
// :: INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process :
// :: INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:
// :: INFO Configuration.deprecation: user.name is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.user.name
...
参考文章:http://codesfusion.blogspot.sg/2013/10/setup-hadoop-2x-220-on-ubuntu.html
脚本代码:https://github.com/ericduq/hadoop-scripts/blob/master/make-single-node.sh