【Head First Servlets and JSP】笔记 27： web 应用安全

时间：2023-03-09 16:35:31
【Head First Servlets and JSP】笔记 27： web 应用安全
  • 典型的安全问题：假冒者、窃听者、非法升级者
  • 认证方式： Base64 、摘要认证 、客户端证书、表单认证，重点熟悉摘要算法（ HASH 、 MD5 等）
  • 安全机制：授权、认证、数据完整性、机密性
  • 80 端口、 443 端口
  • 通过 HTTP 、 HTTPS 传输数据的区别， SSL 等概念
  • 重放攻击、 SQL 注入等

【参考】

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"

         version="3.1">

    <!-- Define servlets that are included in the web application -->

    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>jack</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>sample.Jack</servlet-class>

        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>dog</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>sample.Dog</servlet-class>

        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>

        <security-role-ref>

            <role-name>VIP</role-name>

            <role-link>Member</role-link>

        </security-role-ref>

    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>jack</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>/abc/*</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>dog</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>/abc/3</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>dog</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

    <error-page>

        <exception-type>java.lang.Throwable</exception-type>

        <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/exception/common-exception.jsp</location>

    </error-page>

    <error-page>

        <error-code>404</error-code>

        <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/exception/404-exception.jsp</location>

    </error-page>

    <welcome-file-list>

        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>

        <welcome-file>abc/3</welcome-file>

        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

    </welcome-file-list>

    <security-role>

        <role-name>Admin</role-name>

    </security-role>

    <security-role>

        <role-name>Member</role-name>

    </security-role>

    <security-role>

        <role-name>Guest</role-name>

    </security-role>

    <!--<login-config>-->

        <!--<auth-method>BASIC 明文认证</auth-method>-->

    <!--</login-config>-->

    <!--<login-config>-->

        <!--<auth-method>DIGEST 摘要认证</auth-method>-->

    <!--</login-config>-->

    <!--<login-config>-->

        <!--<auth-method>CLIENT-CERT 客户端证书</auth-method>-->

    <!--</login-config>-->

    <login-config>

        <auth-method>FORM</auth-method>

        <form-login-config>

            <form-login-page>/loginPage.jsp</form-login-page>

            <form-error-page>/loginError.jsp</form-error-page>

        </form-login-config>

    </login-config>

    <security-constraint>

        <web-resource-collection>

            <web-resource-name>UpdateRecipe</web-resource-name>

            <url-pattern>/abc/3</url-pattern>

            <http-method>GET</http-method>

        </web-resource-collection>

        <auth-constraint>

            <role-name>Admin</role-name>

            <role-name>Member</role-name>

        </auth-constraint>

        <!--<user-data-constraint>-->

            <!--<transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>-->

        <!--</user-data-constraint>-->

        <!-- 对资源进行传输保证（不至于明文传输密码）

        tomcat 需要开启 8443 端口，并且需要一个证书，涉及到 HTTPS、SSL 等安全协议 -->

    </security-constraint>

</web-app>

loginPage.jsp ：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>

<head>

    <title>Authorization</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form method="post" action="j_security_check">

        <p><input type="text" name="j_username" /></p>

        <p><input type="secret" name="j_password" /></p>

        <p><input type="submit" value="Enter"></p>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

Servlet ：

package sample;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class Dog extends HttpServlet {

    @Override

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        resp.setContentType("text/html");

        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

        if (req.isUserInRole("VIP")) { // 【授权】程序式授权，对应的是在 web.xml 中的声明式授权

            out.println("Only VIP can see.");

            out.println(req.getRemoteUser()); // 【认证】确认用户身份，打印出来是 username

        }

        out.println("he is not jack.");

    }

}

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