1. 面试题：String，StringBuffer，StringBuilder的区别 ？
答：String是字符串内容不可变的，而StringBuffer和StringBuilder是字符串内容长度可变的；
StringBuffer是同步的，数据安全，效率低。
StringBuilder是不同步的，数据不安全，效率高。
（1）. 在执行速度方面的比较：StringBuilder > StringBuffer
（2）. StringBuffer与StringBuilder，他们是字符串变量，是可改变的对象，每当我们用它们对字符串做操作时，实际上是在一个对象上操作的，不像String一样创建一些对象进行操作，所以速度就快了。
（3）. StringBuilder：线程非安全的
StringBuffer：线程安全的
当我们在字符串缓冲去被多个线程使用是，JVM不能保证StringBuilder的操作是安全的，虽然他的速度最快，但是可以保证StringBuffer是可以正确操作的。当然大多数情况下就是我们是在单线程下进行的操作，所以大多数情况下是建议用StringBuilder而不用StringBuffer的，就是速度的原因。
对于三者使用的总结：• 如果要操作少量的数据用 = String
• 单线程操作字符串缓冲区 下操作大量数据 = StringBuilder
• 多线程操作字符串缓冲区 下操作大量数据 = StringBuffer
注意：为什么StringBuffer具有数据安全的特性?
答：观察源码，如下：
/*
* @(#)StringBuffer.java 1.101 05/11/17
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/ package java.lang; /**
* A thread-safe, mutable sequence of characters.
* A string buffer is like a {@link String}, but can be modified. At any
* point in time it contains some particular sequence of characters, but
* the length and content of the sequence can be changed through certain
* method calls.
* <p>
* String buffers are safe for use by multiple threads. The methods
* are synchronized where necessary so that all the operations on any
* particular instance behave as if they occur in some serial order
* that is consistent with the order of the method calls made by each of
* the individual threads involved.
* <p>
* The principal operations on a <code>StringBuffer</code> are the
* <code>append</code> and <code>insert</code> methods, which are
* overloaded so as to accept data of any type. Each effectively
* converts a given datum to a string and then appends or inserts the
* characters of that string to the string buffer. The
* <code>append</code> method always adds these characters at the end
* of the buffer; the <code>insert</code> method adds the characters at
* a specified point.
* <p>
* For example, if <code>z</code> refers to a string buffer object
* whose current contents are "<code>start</code>", then
* the method call <code>z.append("le")</code> would cause the string
* buffer to contain "<code>startle</code>", whereas
* <code>z.insert(4, "le")</code> would alter the string buffer to
* contain "<code>starlet</code>".
* <p>
* In general, if sb refers to an instance of a <code>StringBuffer</code>,
* then <code>sb.append(x)</code> has the same effect as
* <code>sb.insert(sb.length(), x)</code>.
* <p>
* Whenever an operation occurs involving a source sequence (such as
* appending or inserting from a source sequence) this class synchronizes
* only on the string buffer performing the operation, not on the source.
* <p>
* Every string buffer has a capacity. As long as the length of the
* character sequence contained in the string buffer does not exceed
* the capacity, it is not necessary to allocate a new internal
* buffer array. If the internal buffer overflows, it is
* automatically made larger.
*
* As of release JDK 5, this class has been supplemented with an equivalent
* class designed for use by a single thread, {@link StringBuilder}. The
* <tt>StringBuilder</tt> class should generally be used in preference to
* this one, as it supports all of the same operations but it is faster, as
* it performs no synchronization.
*
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @version 1.101, 11/17/05
* @see java.lang.StringBuilder
* @see java.lang.String
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final class StringBuffer
extends AbstractStringBuilder
implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
{ /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
static final long serialVersionUID = 3388685877147921107L; /**
* Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and an
* initial capacity of 16 characters.
*/
public StringBuffer() {
super(16);
} /**
* Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and
* the specified initial capacity.
*
* @param capacity the initial capacity.
* @exception NegativeArraySizeException if the <code>capacity</code>
* argument is less than <code>0</code>.
*/
public StringBuffer(int capacity) {
super(capacity);
} /**
* Constructs a string buffer initialized to the contents of the
* specified string. The initial capacity of the string buffer is
* <code>16</code> plus the length of the string argument.
*
* @param str the initial contents of the buffer.
* @exception NullPointerException if <code>str</code> is <code>null</code>
*/
public StringBuffer(String str) {
super(str.length() + 16);
append(str);
} /**
* Constructs a string buffer that contains the same characters
* as the specified <code>CharSequence</code>. The initial capacity of
* the string buffer is <code>16</code> plus the length of the
* <code>CharSequence</code> argument.
* <p>
* If the length of the specified <code>CharSequence</code> is
* less than or equal to zero, then an empty buffer of capacity
* <code>16</code> is returned.
*
* @param seq the sequence to copy.
* @exception NullPointerException if <code>seq</code> is <code>null</code>
* @since 1.5
*/
public StringBuffer(CharSequence seq) {
this(seq.length() + 16);
append(seq);
} public synchronized int length() {
return count;
} public synchronized int capacity() {
return value.length;
} ...
因为很多方法都是synchronized
2. 面试题：StringBuffer 和数组的区别？
答：二者都可以看出是一个容器，装其他的数据。但是呢，StringBuffer的数据最终是一个字符串数据，而数组可以放置任意类型的同一种数据。
3. 面试题：形式参数问题。
String作为参数传递
StringBuffer作为参数传递
形式参数：
基本类型：形式参数的改变不影响实际参数
引用类型：形式参数的改变直接影响实际参数
案例演示：
package cn.itcast_08; /*
* 形式参数问题：
* String作为参数传递
* StringBuffer作为参数传递
*
* 形式参数：
* 基本类型：形式参数的改变不影响实际参数
* 引用类型：形式参数的改变直接影响实际参数
*
* 注意：
* String作为参数传递，效果和基本类型作为参数传递是一样的。
*/
public class StringBufferDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = "hello";
String s2 = "world";
System.out.println(s1 + "---" + s2);// hello---world
change(s1, s2);
System.out.println(s1 + "---" + s2);// hello---world StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer("hello");
StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer("world");
System.out.println(sb1 + "---" + sb2);// hello---world
change(sb1, sb2);
System.out.println(sb1 + "---" + sb2);// hello---worldworld } public static void change(StringBuffer sb1, StringBuffer sb2) {
sb1 = sb2;
sb2.append(sb1);
} public static void change(String s1, String s2) {
s1 = s2;
s2 = s1 + s2;
}
}
运行效果如下：
