【Java】使用Apache POI生成和解析Excel文件

时间:2021-12-05 22:32:00

概述

  Excel是我们平时工作中比较常用的用于存储二维表数据的,JAVA也可以直接对Excel进行操作,分别有jxl和poi,2种方式。

  HSSF is the POI Project's pure Java implementation of the Excel '97(-2007) file format. XSSF is the POI Project's pure Java implementation of the Excel 2007 OOXML (.xlsx) file format.
  从官方文档中了解到:POI提供的HSSF包用于操作 Excel '97(-2007)的.xls文件,而XSSF包则用于操作Excel2007之后的.xslx文件。

  本片文章主要参考poi官网:http://poi.apache.org/index.html

代码

  •    要使用poi,必须引入poi的jar包,maven依赖如下:
 <dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
  •   使用poi创建execl文件
     package test.hd.poi;
    
     import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Date; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
    import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ClientAnchor;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Comment;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CreationHelper;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataFormat;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Drawing;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.RichTextString;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress; public class CreateExcel { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    Workbook[] wbs = new Workbook[] { new HSSFWorkbook(), new XSSFWorkbook() };
    for (int i = 0; i < wbs.length; i++) {
    Workbook workbook = wbs[i];
    // 得到一个POI的工具类
    CreationHelper createHelper = workbook.getCreationHelper(); // 在Excel工作簿中建一工作表,其名为缺省值, 也可以指定Sheet名称
    Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
    // Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("SheetName"); // 用于格式化单元格的数据
    DataFormat format = workbook.createDataFormat(); // 设置字体
    Font font = workbook.createFont();
    font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 20); // 字体高度
    font.setColor(Font.COLOR_RED); // 字体颜色
    font.setFontName("黑体"); // 字体
    font.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); // 宽度
    font.setItalic(true); // 是否使用斜体
    // font.setStrikeout(true); //是否使用划线 // 设置单元格类型
    CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
    cellStyle.setFont(font);
    cellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 水平布局:居中
    cellStyle.setWrapText(true); CellStyle cellStyle2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
    cellStyle2.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("#, ## 0.0")); CellStyle cellStyle3 = workbook.createCellStyle();
    cellStyle3.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")); // 添加单元格注释
    // 创建Drawing对象,Drawing是所有注释的容器.
    Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
    // ClientAnchor是附属在WorkSheet上的一个对象, 其固定在一个单元格的左上角和右下角.
    ClientAnchor anchor = createHelper.createClientAnchor();
    // 设置注释位子
    anchor.setRow1(0);
    anchor.setRow2(2);
    anchor.setCol1(0);
    anchor.setCol2(2);
    // 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
    Comment comment = drawing.createCellComment(anchor);
    // 设置注释内容
    RichTextString str = createHelper.createRichTextString("Hello, World!");
    comment.setString(str);
    // 设置注释作者. 当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
    comment.setAuthor("H__D"); // 定义几行
    for (int rownum = 0; rownum < 30; rownum++) {
    // 创建行
    Row row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
    // 创建单元格
    Cell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
    cell.setCellValue(createHelper.createRichTextString("Hello!" + rownum));// 设置单元格内容
    cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);// 设置单元格样式
    cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);// 指定单元格格式:数值、公式或字符串
    cell.setCellComment(comment);// 添加注释 // 格式化数据
    Cell cell2 = row.createCell((short) 2);
    cell2.setCellValue(11111.25);
    cell2.setCellStyle(cellStyle2); Cell cell3 = row.createCell((short) 3);
    cell3.setCellValue(new Date());
    cell3.setCellStyle(cellStyle3); sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 0); // 调整第一列宽度
    sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 1); // 调整第二列宽度
    sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 2); // 调整第三列宽度
    sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 3); // 调整第四列宽度 } // 合并单元格
    sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(1, // 第一行(0)
    2, // last row(0-based)
    1, // 第一列(基于0)
    2 // 最后一列(基于0)
    )); // 保存
    String filename = "C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls";
    if (workbook instanceof XSSFWorkbook) {
    filename = filename + "x";
    } FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filename);
    workbook.write(out);
    out.close();
    }
    } }
  • 使用poi修改execl文件
     package test.hd.poi;
    
     import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream; import org.apache.poi.EncryptedDocumentException;
    import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidFormatException;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory; public class UpdateExcel { public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException, InvalidFormatException, IOException { InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls");
    //InputStream inp = new FileInputStream("workbook.xlsx"); Workbook workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(inputStream);
    Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
    Row row = sheet.getRow(2);
    Cell cell = row.getCell(3);
    if (cell == null)
    cell = row.createCell(3);
    cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
    cell.setCellValue("a test"); // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls");
    workbook.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close(); } }
  • 使用poi解析excel文件
     package test.hd.poi;
    
     import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream; import org.apache.poi.EncryptedDocumentException;
    import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidFormatException;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataFormatter;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference; import com.microsoft.schemas.office.visio.x2012.main.CellType; public class ReadExcel { public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException, InvalidFormatException, IOException { InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls");
    //InputStream inp = new FileInputStream("C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls"); Workbook workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(inputStream);
    Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0); DataFormatter formatter = new DataFormatter();
    for (Row row : sheet) {
    for (Cell cell : row) {
    CellReference cellRef = new CellReference(row.getRowNum(), cell.getColumnIndex());
    //单元格名称
    System.out.print(cellRef.formatAsString());
    System.out.print(" - "); //通过获取单元格值并应用任何数据格式(Date,0.00,1.23e9,$ 1.23等),获取单元格中显示的文本
    String text = formatter.formatCellValue(cell);
    System.out.println(text); //获取值并自己格式化
    switch (cell.getCellType()) {
    case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:// 字符串型
    System.out.println(cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString());
    break;
    case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:// 数值型
    if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) { // 如果是date类型则 ,获取该cell的date值
    System.out.println(cell.getDateCellValue());
    } else {// 纯数字
    System.out.println(cell.getNumericCellValue());
    }
    break;
    case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:// 布尔
    System.out.println(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
    break;
    case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:// 公式型
    System.out.println(cell.getCellFormula());
    break;
    case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:// 空值
    System.out.println();
    break;
    case Cell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: // 故障
    System.out.println();
    break;
    default:
    System.out.println();
    }
    }
    } } }